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Global ecotypes in the ubiquitous marine clade SAR86

View ORCID ProfileAdrienne Hoarfrost, View ORCID ProfileStephen Nayfach, View ORCID ProfileJoshua Ladau, View ORCID ProfileShibu Yooseph, View ORCID ProfileCarol Arnosti, View ORCID ProfileChris L Dupont, View ORCID ProfileKatherine S. Pollard
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/635185
Adrienne Hoarfrost
1Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
8Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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  • For correspondence: adrienne.hoarfrost@rutgers.edu
Stephen Nayfach
2Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA
3Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
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Joshua Ladau
2Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA
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Shibu Yooseph
4Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
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Carol Arnosti
1Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Chris L Dupont
5J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Katherine S. Pollard
3Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
6Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, Computational Health Sciences Institute, and Quantitative Biology Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
7Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
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Abstract

SAR86 is an abundant and ubiquitous heterotroph in the surface ocean that plays a central role in the function of marine ecosystems. We hypothesized that despite its ubiquity, different SAR86 subgroups may be endemic to specific ocean regions and functionally specialized for unique marine environments. However, the global biogeographical distributions of SAR86 genes, and the manner in which these distributions correlate with marine environments, have not been investigated. We quantified SAR86 gene content across globally-distributed metagenomic samples and modeled these gene distributions as a function of 51 environmental variables. We identified five distinct clusters of genes within the SAR86 pangenome, each with a unique geographic distribution associated with specific environmental characteristics. Gene clusters are characterized by strong taxonomic enrichment of distinct SAR86 genomes and partial assemblies, as well as differential enrichment of certain functional groups, suggesting differing functional and ecological roles of SAR86 ecotypes. We then leveraged our models and high-resolution, remote sensing-derived environmental data to predict the distributions of SAR86 gene clusters across the world’s oceans, creating global maps of SAR86 ecotype distributions. Our results reveal that SAR86 exhibits previously unknown, complex biogeography, and provide a framework for exploring geographic distributions of genetic diversity from other microbial clades.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 10, 2019.
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Global ecotypes in the ubiquitous marine clade SAR86
Adrienne Hoarfrost, Stephen Nayfach, Joshua Ladau, Shibu Yooseph, Carol Arnosti, Chris L Dupont, Katherine S. Pollard
bioRxiv 635185; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/635185
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Global ecotypes in the ubiquitous marine clade SAR86
Adrienne Hoarfrost, Stephen Nayfach, Joshua Ladau, Shibu Yooseph, Carol Arnosti, Chris L Dupont, Katherine S. Pollard
bioRxiv 635185; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/635185

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