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Precise tuning of cortical contractility regulates cell shape during cytokinesis

Nilay Taneja, Matthew R. Bersi, Sophie Baillargeon, Aidan M. Fenix, James A. Cooper, Ryoma Ohi, View ORCID ProfileVivian Gama, View ORCID ProfileW. David Merryman, View ORCID ProfileDylan T. Burnette
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/635615
Nilay Taneja
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232. USA
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Matthew R. Bersi
2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232. USA
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Sophie Baillargeon
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232. USA
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Aidan M. Fenix
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232. USA
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James A. Cooper
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232. USA
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Ryoma Ohi
3Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109. USA
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Vivian Gama
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232. USA
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W. David Merryman
2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232. USA
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Dylan T. Burnette
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232. USA
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  • ORCID record for Dylan T. Burnette
  • For correspondence: dylan.burnette@vanderbilt.edu
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ABSTRACT

The mechanical properties of the cellular cortex regulate shape changes during cell division, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. During cell division, contractile force generated by the molecular motor myosin II (MII) at the equatorial cortex drives cleavage furrow ingression. Cleavage furrow ingression in turn increases stresses at the polar cortex, where contractility must be regulated to maintain cell shape during cytokinesis. How polar cortex contractility controls cell shape is poorly understood. We show a balance between MII paralogs allows a fine-tuning of cortex tension at the polar cortex to maintain cell shape during cytokinesis, with MIIA driving cleavage furrow ingression and bleb formation, and MIIB serving as a stabilizing motor and mediating completion of cytokinesis. As the majority of non-muscle contractile systems are cortical, this tuning mechanism will likely be applicable to numerous processes driven by MII contractility.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 13, 2019.
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Precise tuning of cortical contractility regulates cell shape during cytokinesis
Nilay Taneja, Matthew R. Bersi, Sophie Baillargeon, Aidan M. Fenix, James A. Cooper, Ryoma Ohi, Vivian Gama, W. David Merryman, Dylan T. Burnette
bioRxiv 635615; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/635615
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Precise tuning of cortical contractility regulates cell shape during cytokinesis
Nilay Taneja, Matthew R. Bersi, Sophie Baillargeon, Aidan M. Fenix, James A. Cooper, Ryoma Ohi, Vivian Gama, W. David Merryman, Dylan T. Burnette
bioRxiv 635615; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/635615

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