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Whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across Asia provides insights into origin and migration of domestic Bactrian camels

Liang Ming, Liyun Yuan, Li Yi, Guohui Ding, Surong Hasi, Gangliang Chen, Tuyatsetseg Jambl, Nemat Hedayat-Evright, Mijiddorj Batmunkh, Garyaeva Khongr Badmaevna, Tudeviin Gan-Erdene, TS Batskh, Wenbin Zhang, Azhati Zulipikaer, Hosblig, Erdemt, Arkady Natyrov, Prmanshayev Mamay, Narenbatu, Gendalai Meng, Choijilsuren Narangerel, Orgodol Khongorzul, Jing He, Le Hai, Weili Lin, Sirendalai, Sarentuya, Aiyisi, Yixue Li, Zhen Wang, Jirimutu
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/656231
Liang Ming
1Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
2Inner Mongolia Institute of Camel Research, West Alax, Inner Mongolia, China
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Liyun Yuan
3Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
4Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Li Yi
1Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Guohui Ding
3Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Surong Hasi
5Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Gangliang Chen
6Bactrian Camel Academe of Altai, Xingjiang Wangyuan Camel Milk Limited Company, Fuhai County, Xijiang, China
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Tuyatsetseg Jambl
7College of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaater, Mongolia
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Nemat Hedayat-Evright
8University of Mohaghegh Arabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Mijiddorj Batmunkh
9China-Mongolia Joint Laboratory for Biomacromolecule Research, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
10Mongolian Wild Camel Protection Area, Ministry of Nature and Environment, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Garyaeva Khongr Badmaevna
11Non-public joint-stock company, Kirovski plant, Republic of Kalmykia, Russia
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Tudeviin Gan-Erdene
12Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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TS Batskh
7College of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaater, Mongolia
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Wenbin Zhang
13Bactrian Camel Institute of Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China
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Azhati Zulipikaer
14Animal Science Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
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Hosblig
15Animal Husbandry Bureau of North Urad, Bayannuur, Inner Mongolia, China
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Erdemt
16Animal Husbandry Workstation of West Sunid, Xiliingol, Inner Mongolia, China
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Arkady Natyrov
17Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation Kalmyk State University Agrarian Faculty, Republic of Kalmykia Russia
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Prmanshayev Mamay
18Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Narenbatu
19College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Gendalai Meng
20Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
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Choijilsuren Narangerel
21Institute of Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Orgodol Khongorzul
1Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Jing He
1Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Le Hai
1Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Weili Lin
3Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Sirendalai
2Inner Mongolia Institute of Camel Research, West Alax, Inner Mongolia, China
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Sarentuya
2Inner Mongolia Institute of Camel Research, West Alax, Inner Mongolia, China
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Aiyisi
7College of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaater, Mongolia
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Yixue Li
3Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
4Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
22Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
23Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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  • For correspondence: yxli@sibs.ac.cn zwang01@sibs.ac.cn yeluotuo1999@vip.163.com
Zhen Wang
3Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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  • For correspondence: yxli@sibs.ac.cn zwang01@sibs.ac.cn yeluotuo1999@vip.163.com
Jirimutu
1Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
2Inner Mongolia Institute of Camel Research, West Alax, Inner Mongolia, China
9China-Mongolia Joint Laboratory for Biomacromolecule Research, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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  • For correspondence: yxli@sibs.ac.cn zwang01@sibs.ac.cn yeluotuo1999@vip.163.com
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ABSTRACT

The domestic Bactrian camels were treated as the principal means of locomotion between the eastern and western cultures in history. To address the question of their origin, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across Asia, including representative populations of domestic Bactrian camels from the Mongolian Plateau to the Caspian Sea, as well as the extant wild Bactrian camels and dromedaries. The domestic and wild Bactrian camels showed remarkable genetic divergence since they were split from dromedaries, confirming they were separated species. The wild Bactrian camels made also little contribution to the ancestry of domestic ones. Among the domestic Bactrian camels, those from Iran exhibited the largest genetic distance from others, and were the first population to separate in the phylogeny. Although evident admixture was observed between domestic Bactrian camels and dromedaries living around the Caspian Sea, the large genetic distance and basal position of Iranian Bactrian camels could not be explained by introgression alone. Taken together, our study favored the Iranian origin of domestic Bactrian camels, which were then immigrated eastward to Mongolia where the native wild Bactrian camels inhabited. This study illustrated the complex genomic landscape of migration underlying domestication in Bactrian camels.

Footnotes

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/?term=SRP107089

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted June 03, 2019.
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Whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across Asia provides insights into origin and migration of domestic Bactrian camels
Liang Ming, Liyun Yuan, Li Yi, Guohui Ding, Surong Hasi, Gangliang Chen, Tuyatsetseg Jambl, Nemat Hedayat-Evright, Mijiddorj Batmunkh, Garyaeva Khongr Badmaevna, Tudeviin Gan-Erdene, TS Batskh, Wenbin Zhang, Azhati Zulipikaer, Hosblig, Erdemt, Arkady Natyrov, Prmanshayev Mamay, Narenbatu, Gendalai Meng, Choijilsuren Narangerel, Orgodol Khongorzul, Jing He, Le Hai, Weili Lin, Sirendalai, Sarentuya, Aiyisi, Yixue Li, Zhen Wang, Jirimutu
bioRxiv 656231; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/656231
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Whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across Asia provides insights into origin and migration of domestic Bactrian camels
Liang Ming, Liyun Yuan, Li Yi, Guohui Ding, Surong Hasi, Gangliang Chen, Tuyatsetseg Jambl, Nemat Hedayat-Evright, Mijiddorj Batmunkh, Garyaeva Khongr Badmaevna, Tudeviin Gan-Erdene, TS Batskh, Wenbin Zhang, Azhati Zulipikaer, Hosblig, Erdemt, Arkady Natyrov, Prmanshayev Mamay, Narenbatu, Gendalai Meng, Choijilsuren Narangerel, Orgodol Khongorzul, Jing He, Le Hai, Weili Lin, Sirendalai, Sarentuya, Aiyisi, Yixue Li, Zhen Wang, Jirimutu
bioRxiv 656231; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/656231

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