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Genome-wide sequence information reveals recurrent hybridization among diploid wheat wild relatives

View ORCID ProfileNadine Bernhardt, Jonathan Brassac, Xue Dong, Eva-Maria Willing, C. Hart Poskar, Benjamin Kilian, Frank R. Blattner
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/678045
Nadine Bernhardt
aLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Nadine Bernhardt
  • For correspondence: blattner@ipk-gatersleben.de bernhardt@ipk-gatersleben.de
Jonathan Brassac
aLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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Xue Dong
bMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
cPlant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201 Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Eva-Maria Willing
bMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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C. Hart Poskar
aLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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Benjamin Kilian
aLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
dGlobal Crop Diversity Trust, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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Frank R. Blattner
aLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
eGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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  • For correspondence: blattner@ipk-gatersleben.de bernhardt@ipk-gatersleben.de
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Abstract

Many conflicting hypotheses regarding the relationships among crops and wild species closely related to wheat (the genera Aegilops, Amblyopyrum, and Triticum) have been postulated. The contribution of hybridization to the evolution of these taxa is intensely discussed. To determine possible causes for this, and provide a phylogeny of the diploid taxa based on genome-wide sequence information, independent data was obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing and a target-enrichment experiment that returned 244 low-copy nuclear loci. The data were analyzed with Bayesian, likelihood and coalescent-based methods. D statistics were used to test if incomplete lineage sorting alone or together with hybridization is the source for incongruent gene trees. Here we present the phylogeny of all diploid species of the wheat wild relatives. We hypothesize that most of the wheat-group species were shaped by a primordial homoploid hybrid speciation event involving the ancestral Triticum and Am. muticum lineages to form all other species but Ae. speltoides. This hybridization event was followed by multiple introgressions affecting all taxa but Triticum. Mostly progenitors of the extant species were involved in these processes, while recent interspecific gene flow seems insignificant. The composite nature of many genomes of wheat group taxa results in complicated patterns of diploid contributions when these lineages are involved in polyploid formation, which is, for example, the case in the tetra-and hexaploid wheats. Our analysis provides phylogenetic relationships and a testable hypothesis for the genome compositions in the basic evolutionary units within the wheat group of Triticeae.

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Posted June 21, 2019.
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Genome-wide sequence information reveals recurrent hybridization among diploid wheat wild relatives
Nadine Bernhardt, Jonathan Brassac, Xue Dong, Eva-Maria Willing, C. Hart Poskar, Benjamin Kilian, Frank R. Blattner
bioRxiv 678045; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/678045
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Genome-wide sequence information reveals recurrent hybridization among diploid wheat wild relatives
Nadine Bernhardt, Jonathan Brassac, Xue Dong, Eva-Maria Willing, C. Hart Poskar, Benjamin Kilian, Frank R. Blattner
bioRxiv 678045; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/678045

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