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Realistic modeling of ephaptic fields in the human brain

View ORCID ProfileGiulio Ruffini, View ORCID ProfileRicardo Salvador, Ehsan Tadayon, View ORCID ProfileRoser Sanchez-Todo, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Emiliano Santarnecchi
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/688101
Giulio Ruffini
1Neuroelectrics Corporation, 210 Broadway, 02139 Cambridge, MA, USA
2Neuroelectrics Barcelona, Avda. Tibidabo, 47 bis, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
3Starlab Barcelona, Avda. Tibidabo, 47 bis, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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  • ORCID record for Giulio Ruffini
  • For correspondence: giulio.ruffini@neuroelectrics.com
Ricardo Salvador
2Neuroelectrics Barcelona, Avda. Tibidabo, 47 bis, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Ehsan Tadayon
4Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Roser Sanchez-Todo
2Neuroelectrics Barcelona, Avda. Tibidabo, 47 bis, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Alvaro Pascual-Leone
4Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
5Institut Guttmann, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Emiliano Santarnecchi
4Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract

Several decades of research suggest that weak electric fields may influence neural processing, including those induced by neuronal activity and recently proposed as substrate for a potential new cellular communication system, i.e., ephaptic transmission. Here we aim to map ephaptic activity in the human brain and explore its trajectory during aging by characterizing the macroscopic electric field generated by cortical dipoles using realistic finite element modeling. We find that modeled endogenous field magnitudes are comparable to those in measurements of weak but functionally relevant endogenous fields and to those generated by noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation, therefore possibly able to modulate neuronal activity. Then, to evaluate the role of self-generated ephaptic fields in the human cortex, we adapt an interaction approximation that considers the relative orientation of neuron and field to derive the membrane potential perturbation in pyramidal cells. Building on this, we define a simplified metric (EMOD1) that weights dipole coupling as a function of distance and relative orientation between emitter and receiver and evaluate it in a sample of 401 realistic human brain models from subjects aged 16-83. Results reveal that ephaptic modulation follows gyrification patterns in the human brain, and significantly decreases with age, with higher involvement of sensorimotor regions and medial brain structures. By providing the means for fast and direct interaction between neurons, ephaptic modulation likely contributes to the complexity of human function for cognition and behavior, and its modification across the lifespan and in response to pathology.

Footnotes

  • Financial disclosures. GR is co-founder of Neuroelectrics; RS and RS-T work at Neuroelectrics, a company that produces EEG and tCS systems. The other authors report no conflict of interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 02, 2019.
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Realistic modeling of ephaptic fields in the human brain
Giulio Ruffini, Ricardo Salvador, Ehsan Tadayon, Roser Sanchez-Todo, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Emiliano Santarnecchi
bioRxiv 688101; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/688101
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Realistic modeling of ephaptic fields in the human brain
Giulio Ruffini, Ricardo Salvador, Ehsan Tadayon, Roser Sanchez-Todo, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Emiliano Santarnecchi
bioRxiv 688101; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/688101

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