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Polarella glacialis genomes encode tandem repeats of single-exon genes with functions critical to adaptation of dinoflagellates

View ORCID ProfileTimothy G. Stephens, View ORCID ProfileRaúl A. González-Pech, View ORCID ProfileYuanyuan Cheng, View ORCID ProfileAmin R. Mohamed, View ORCID ProfileDavid W. Burt, View ORCID ProfileDebashish Bhattacharya, View ORCID ProfileMark A. Ragan, View ORCID ProfileCheong Xin Chan
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/704437
Timothy G. Stephens
1Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Raúl A. González-Pech
1Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Yuanyuan Cheng
2UQ Genomics Initiative, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Amin R. Mohamed
3Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
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David W. Burt
4UQ Genomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Debashish Bhattacharya
5Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A.
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Mark A. Ragan
1Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Cheong Xin Chan
1Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
6School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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  • For correspondence: c.chan1@uq.edu.au
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Abstract

Dinoflagellates are taxonomically diverse, ecologically important phytoplankton in marine and freshwater environments. Here, we present two draft diploid genome assemblies of the free-living dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis, isolated from the Arctic and Antarctica. For each genome, guided using full-length transcriptome data, we predicted >50,000 high-quality genes. About 68% of the genome is repetitive sequence; long terminal repeats likely contribute to intra-species structural divergence and distinct genome sizes (3.0 and 2.7 Gbp). Of all genes, ∼40% are encoded unidirectionally, ∼25% comprised of single exons. Multi-genome comparison unveiled genes specific to P. glacialis and a common, putatively bacterial, origin of ice-binding domains in cold-adapted dinoflagellates. Our results elucidate how selection acts within the context of a complex genome structure to facilitate local adaptation. Since most dinoflagellate genes are constitutively expressed, Polarella glacialis has enhanced transcriptional responses via unidirectional, tandem duplication of single-exon genes that encode functions critical to survival in cold, low-light environments.

Footnotes

  • Main text revised; Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 revised; new Figure 6 added; Supplemental files updated with new Supplementary Note and new Supplementary Tables; authorship revised.

  • https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/s/Nx08JEMt7FjK3zY

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted October 15, 2019.
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Polarella glacialis genomes encode tandem repeats of single-exon genes with functions critical to adaptation of dinoflagellates
Timothy G. Stephens, Raúl A. González-Pech, Yuanyuan Cheng, Amin R. Mohamed, David W. Burt, Debashish Bhattacharya, Mark A. Ragan, Cheong Xin Chan
bioRxiv 704437; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/704437
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Polarella glacialis genomes encode tandem repeats of single-exon genes with functions critical to adaptation of dinoflagellates
Timothy G. Stephens, Raúl A. González-Pech, Yuanyuan Cheng, Amin R. Mohamed, David W. Burt, Debashish Bhattacharya, Mark A. Ragan, Cheong Xin Chan
bioRxiv 704437; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/704437

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