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The Genetic History of France

View ORCID ProfileAude Saint Pierre, Joanna Giemza, Matilde Karakachoff, Isabel Alves, Philippe Amouyel, Jean-François Dartigues, Christophe Tzourio, Martial Monteil, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg, Richard Redon, Emmanuelle Génin, Christian Dina
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/712497
Aude Saint Pierre
1Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, CHU Brest, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France
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  • ORCID record for Aude Saint Pierre
  • For correspondence: aude.saintpierre@univ-brest.fr christian.dina@univ-nantes.fr
Joanna Giemza
2l’institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Matilde Karakachoff
2l’institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Isabel Alves
2l’institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Philippe Amouyel
3Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille University Hospital, Institut Pasteur de Lille, LabEx DISTALZ- UMR1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related, F-59000 Lille, France
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Jean-François Dartigues
4Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Christophe Tzourio
4Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Martial Monteil
5Université de Nantes, UMR 6566 CReAAH, LARA, Nantes, France
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Pilar Galan
6Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017, Bobigny, France
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Serge Hercberg
6Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017, Bobigny, France
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Richard Redon
2l’institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Emmanuelle Génin
1Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, CHU Brest, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France
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Christian Dina
2l’institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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  • For correspondence: aude.saintpierre@univ-brest.fr christian.dina@univ-nantes.fr
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ABSTRACT

The study of the genetic structure of different countries within Europe has provided significant insights into their demographic history and their actual stratification. Although France occupies a particular location at the end of the European peninsula and at the crossroads of migration routes, few population genetic studies have been conducted so far with genome-wide data. In this study, we analyzed SNP-chip genetic data from 2 184 individuals born in France who were enrolled in two independent population cohorts. Using FineStructure, six different genetic clusters of individuals were found that were very consistent between the two cohorts. These clusters match extremely well the geography and overlap with historical and linguistic divisions of France. By modeling the relationship between genetics and geography using EEMS software, we were able to detect gene flow barriers that are similar in the two cohorts and corresponds to major French rivers or mountains. Estimations of effective population sizes using IBDNe program also revealed very similar patterns in both cohorts with a rapid increase of effective population sizes over the last 150 generations similar to what was observed in other European countries. A marked bottleneck is also consistently seen in the two datasets starting in the fourteenth century when the Black Death raged in Europe. In conclusion, by performing the first exhaustive study of the genetic structure of France, we fill a gap in the genetic studies in Europe that would be useful to medical geneticists but also historians and archeologists.

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  • ↵+ On behalf of the 3C study

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted July 24, 2019.
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The Genetic History of France
Aude Saint Pierre, Joanna Giemza, Matilde Karakachoff, Isabel Alves, Philippe Amouyel, Jean-François Dartigues, Christophe Tzourio, Martial Monteil, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg, Richard Redon, Emmanuelle Génin, Christian Dina
bioRxiv 712497; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/712497
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The Genetic History of France
Aude Saint Pierre, Joanna Giemza, Matilde Karakachoff, Isabel Alves, Philippe Amouyel, Jean-François Dartigues, Christophe Tzourio, Martial Monteil, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg, Richard Redon, Emmanuelle Génin, Christian Dina
bioRxiv 712497; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/712497

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