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Effects of forest management on the phenology of early-flowering understory herbs

View ORCID ProfileFranziska M. Willems, View ORCID ProfileJ.F. Scheepens, View ORCID ProfileChristian Ammer, View ORCID ProfileSvenja Block, View ORCID ProfileAnna Bucharova, View ORCID ProfilePeter Schall, Melissa Sehrt, View ORCID ProfileOliver Bossdorf
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/733907
Franziska M. Willems
1Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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  • For correspondence: franziska.willems@uni-tuebingen.de
J.F. Scheepens
1Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Christian Ammer
3Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Svenja Block
1Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Anna Bucharova
1Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Germany
2Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Germany
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Peter Schall
3Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Melissa Sehrt
1Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Oliver Bossdorf
1Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract

Many organisms respond to anthropogenic environmental change through shifts in their phenology. In plants, flowering is largely driven by temperature, and therefore affected by climate change. However, on smaller scales climatic conditions are also influenced by other factors, including habitat structure. A group of plants with a particularly distinct phenology are the understorey herbs in temperate forests. In these forests, management alters tree species composition and stand structure and, as a consequence, light conditions and microclimate. Forest management should thus also affect the phenology of understorey herbs. To test this, we recorded the flowering phenology of 20 early-flowering herbs on 100 forest plots varying in management intensity, from near-natural to intensely managed forests, in Central and Southern Germany. We found that in forest stands with a high management intensity the plants flowered on average about two weeks later than in unmanaged forests. This was largely because management also affected microclimate (e.g. spring temperatures of 5.9 °C in managed coniferous, 6.7 in managed deciduous and 7.0 °C in unmanaged deciduous plots), which in turn affected phenology, with plants flowering later on colder and moister forest stands (+4.5 days per −1°C and 2.7 days per 10 % humidity increase). Among forest characteristics, the main tree species as well as the age, overall crown projection area, structural complexity and spatial distribution of trees had the greatest influence on microclimate. Our study demonstrates that forest management alters plant phenology, with potential far-reaching consequences for the ecology and evolution of understorey communities. More generally, our study suggests that besides climate change other drivers of environmental change, too, can influence the phenology of organisms.

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Posted August 15, 2019.
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Effects of forest management on the phenology of early-flowering understory herbs
Franziska M. Willems, J.F. Scheepens, Christian Ammer, Svenja Block, Anna Bucharova, Peter Schall, Melissa Sehrt, Oliver Bossdorf
bioRxiv 733907; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/733907
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Effects of forest management on the phenology of early-flowering understory herbs
Franziska M. Willems, J.F. Scheepens, Christian Ammer, Svenja Block, Anna Bucharova, Peter Schall, Melissa Sehrt, Oliver Bossdorf
bioRxiv 733907; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/733907

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