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Life history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization

View ORCID ProfileTutku Aykanat, Martin Rasmussen, Mikhail Ozerov, Eero Niemelä, Lars Paulin, Juha-Pekka Vähä, Kjetil Hindar, Vidar Wennevik, Torstein Pedersen, Martin-A. Svenning, Craig R. Primmer
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/754440
Tutku Aykanat
1Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Finland
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  • For correspondence: balina@gmail.com
Martin Rasmussen
2Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Mikhail Ozerov
3Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
4Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Finland
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Eero Niemelä
5Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
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Lars Paulin
6Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki
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Juha-Pekka Vähä
7Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa, Lohja, Finland
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Kjetil Hindar
8Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
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Vidar Wennevik
9Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
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Torstein Pedersen
2Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Martin-A. Svenning
10Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Arctic Ecology Department, Tromsø, Norway
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Craig R. Primmer
1Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract

  1. Animals employ various foraging strategies along their ontogeny to acquire energy, and with varying degree of efficiencies, to support growth, maturation and subsequent reproduction events. Individuals that can efficiently acquire energy early are more likely to mature at an earlier age, as a result of faster energy gain which can fuel maturation and reproduction.

  2. We aimed to test the hypothesis that heritable resource acquisition variation that co-varies with efficiency along the ontogeny would influence maturation timing of individuals.

  3. To test this hypothesis, we utilized Atlantic salmon as a model which exhibit a simple, hence trackable, genetic control of maturation age. We then monitored the variation in diet acquisition (quantified as the stomach fullness and composition) of individuals with different ages, and linked it genomic regions (haploblocks) that were previously identified to be associated with age-at-maturity.

  4. Consistent with the hypothesis, we demonstrated that one of the life history genomic regions tested (six6) was indeed associated with age-dependent differences in stomach fullness. Prey composition was marginally linked to both genomic regions (six6 and vgll3). We further showed Atlantic salmon switched to the so-called “feast and famine” strategy along the ontogeny, where older age groups exhibited heavier stomach content, but that came at the expense of running on empty more often.

  5. These results suggest genetic variation underlying resource utilization variation may explain the genetic basis of age structure in Atlantic salmon. Given that ontogenetic diet has a genetic component and the strong spatial diversity associated with these genomic regions, we predict populations with diverse maturation age will have diverse evolutionary responses to future changes in marine food-web structures.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 18, 2020.
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Life history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization
Tutku Aykanat, Martin Rasmussen, Mikhail Ozerov, Eero Niemelä, Lars Paulin, Juha-Pekka Vähä, Kjetil Hindar, Vidar Wennevik, Torstein Pedersen, Martin-A. Svenning, Craig R. Primmer
bioRxiv 754440; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/754440
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Life history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization
Tutku Aykanat, Martin Rasmussen, Mikhail Ozerov, Eero Niemelä, Lars Paulin, Juha-Pekka Vähä, Kjetil Hindar, Vidar Wennevik, Torstein Pedersen, Martin-A. Svenning, Craig R. Primmer
bioRxiv 754440; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/754440

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