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Aquatic and terrestrial organisms display contrasting life history strategies as a result of environmental adaptations

View ORCID ProfilePol Capdevila, View ORCID ProfileMaria Beger, Simone P. Blomberg, View ORCID ProfileBernat Hereu, View ORCID ProfileCristina Linares, View ORCID ProfileRoberto Salguero-Gómez
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/764464
Pol Capdevila
1Department of Zoology, Oxford University, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
2Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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  • For correspondence: pcapdevila.pc@gmail.com
Maria Beger
3School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS3 9JT, UK
4Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Simone P. Blomberg
5School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Bernat Hereu
2Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Cristina Linares
2Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Roberto Salguero-Gómez
1Department of Zoology, Oxford University, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
4Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
6Evolutionary Demography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock 18057, Germany
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Abstract

Aims Aquatic and terrestrial realms display stark differences in key environmental factors and phylogenetic composition. Despite such differences, their consequences for the evolution of species’ life history strategies remain poorly understood. Here, we examine whether and how life history strategies vary between terrestrial and aquatic species.

Location Global.

Time period Variable, the earliest year being in 1906 and the most recent in 2015.

Major taxa studies Macroscopic animals and plants species.

Methods We use demographic information for 638 terrestrial and 117 aquatic animal and plant species, to derive key life history traits capturing their population turnover, and investments in survival, development, and reproduction. We use phylogenetically corrected least squares regression to explore the differences in the trade-offs between life history traits in both realms. We then quantify the life history strategies of aquatic and terrestrial species using a phylogenetically corrected principal component analysis.

Results We find that the same trade-offs structure terrestrial and aquatic life histories, resulting in two dominant axes of variation describing species’ pace- of-life and reproductive spread through time. Life history strategies differ between aquatic and terrestrial environments, with phylogenetic relationships playing a minor role. We show that adaptations of plants and animals to terrestrial environments have resulted in different life history strategies, particularly with their reproductive mode and longevity. Terrestrial plants display a great diversity of life history strategies, including the species with the longest lifespans. Aquatic animals, on the contrary, exhibit higher reproductive frequency than terrestrial animals, likely due to reproductive adaptations (i.e. internal fecundation) of the later to land.

Main conclusions Our findings show that aquatic and terrestrial species are ruled by the same life history principles, but have evolved different strategies due to distinct selection pressures. Such contrasting life history strategies have important consequences for the conservation and management of aquatic and terrestrial species.

Footnotes

  • https://www.compadre-db.org/

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted September 10, 2019.
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Aquatic and terrestrial organisms display contrasting life history strategies as a result of environmental adaptations
Pol Capdevila, Maria Beger, Simone P. Blomberg, Bernat Hereu, Cristina Linares, Roberto Salguero-Gómez
bioRxiv 764464; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/764464
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Aquatic and terrestrial organisms display contrasting life history strategies as a result of environmental adaptations
Pol Capdevila, Maria Beger, Simone P. Blomberg, Bernat Hereu, Cristina Linares, Roberto Salguero-Gómez
bioRxiv 764464; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/764464

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