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Faces under continuous flash suppression capture attention faster than objects, but without a face evoked steady-state visual potential: Is curvilinearity responsible for the behavioral effect?

View ORCID ProfileAndrew D. Engell, Henry Quillian
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/778373
Andrew D. Engell
1Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier OH, USA
2Department of Psychology, Kenyon College, Gambier OH, USA
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  • For correspondence: engella@kenyon.edu
Henry Quillian
1Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier OH, USA
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Abstract

Face perception is a vital part of human social interactions. The social value of faces makes their efficient detection evolutionarily advantageous. It has been suggested that this might occur nonconsciously, but experimental results are equivocal thus far. Here, we probe nonconscious face perception using a novel combination of binocular rivalry with continuous flash suppression, and steady-state visually evoked potentials. In the first two experiments, participants viewed either non-face objects, neutral faces (Study 1), or fearful faces (Study 2). Consistent with the hypothesis that faces are processed nonconsciously, we found that faces broke through suppression faster than objects. We did not, however, observe a concomitant face-selective SSVEP. Study 3 was run to reconcile this paradox. We hypothesized that the faster breakthrough time was due to a mid-level visual feature, curvilinearity, rather than high-level category membership, which would explain the behavioral difference without neural evidence of face-selective processing. We tested this hypothesis by presenting participants with four different groups of stimuli outside of conscious awareness: rectilinear objects (e.g., chessboard), curvilinear objects (e.g., dartboard), faces, and objects that were not dominantly curvilinear or rectilinear. We found that faces and curvilinear objects broke through suppression faster than objects and rectilinear objects. Moreover, there was no difference between faces and curvilinear objects. These results support our hypothesis that the observed behavioral advantage for faces is due to their curvilinearity, rather than category membership.

Highlights

  • Faces presented outside of awareness do not evoke a steady-state visually evoked potential.

  • This is true for both neutral and fearful faces.

  • However, faces do breakthrough interocular suppression faster than objects.

  • Curvilinear objects breakthrough interocular suppression faster than rectilinear objects.

  • The breakthrough time advantage for faces over objects is due to their curvilinearity.

Footnotes

  • https://osf.io/ysx8e/

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted September 24, 2019.
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Faces under continuous flash suppression capture attention faster than objects, but without a face evoked steady-state visual potential: Is curvilinearity responsible for the behavioral effect?
Andrew D. Engell, Henry Quillian
bioRxiv 778373; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/778373
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Faces under continuous flash suppression capture attention faster than objects, but without a face evoked steady-state visual potential: Is curvilinearity responsible for the behavioral effect?
Andrew D. Engell, Henry Quillian
bioRxiv 778373; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/778373

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