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Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation

Takanori Matsubara, Takayuki Yanagida, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takashi Nakano, Junichiro Yoshimoto, Satoshi P. Tsunoda, Shin-ichiro Horigane, Shuhei Ueda, Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura, Hideki Kandori, Akihiro Yamanaka, View ORCID ProfileTakayuki Yamashita
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/798702
Takanori Matsubara
1Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
2Department of Neural Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Takayuki Yanagida
3Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
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Noriaki Kawaguchi
3Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
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Takashi Nakano
3Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
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Junichiro Yoshimoto
3Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
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Satoshi P. Tsunoda
4Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
5PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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Shin-ichiro Horigane
6Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
7Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Shuhei Ueda
6Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
7Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura
6Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
7Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Hideki Kandori
4Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
8CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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Akihiro Yamanaka
1Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
2Department of Neural Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
8CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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Takayuki Yamashita
1Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
2Department of Neural Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
5PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
8CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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  • ORCID record for Takayuki Yamashita
  • For correspondence: takayuki.yamashita@riem.nagoya-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

Scintillators exhibit visible luminescence, called scintillation, when irradiated with X-rays. Given that X-rays penetrate through biological tissues, X-ray-induced scintillation would enable remote optogenetic control of neural functions at any depths in the brain. Here we show that a yellow-emitting inorganic scintillator, Ce-doped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 (Ce:GAGG), can effectively activate red-shifted excitatory and inhibitory opsins. Using these scintillator-opsin combinations, we successfully activated and inhibited midbrain dopamine neurons of freely moving mice by X-ray irradiation, producing bi-directional modulation of place preference behavior. The Ce:GAGG crystal was biocompatible and could be implanted for a long period without progressive neuroinflammatory responses. Neither brain injury nor behavioral dysfunction was acutely induced by radiation during the behavioral tests. Thus, X-ray-induced scintillation allows wireless control of cellular functions in living animals, expanding X-ray applications to functional studies of biology and medicine.

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Posted October 09, 2019.
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Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation
Takanori Matsubara, Takayuki Yanagida, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takashi Nakano, Junichiro Yoshimoto, Satoshi P. Tsunoda, Shin-ichiro Horigane, Shuhei Ueda, Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura, Hideki Kandori, Akihiro Yamanaka, Takayuki Yamashita
bioRxiv 798702; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/798702
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Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation
Takanori Matsubara, Takayuki Yanagida, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takashi Nakano, Junichiro Yoshimoto, Satoshi P. Tsunoda, Shin-ichiro Horigane, Shuhei Ueda, Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura, Hideki Kandori, Akihiro Yamanaka, Takayuki Yamashita
bioRxiv 798702; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/798702

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