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The novel shapeshifting bacterial phylum Saltatorellota

View ORCID ProfileSandra Wiegand, Mareike Jogler, Timo Kohn, Ram Prasad Awal, Sonja Oberbeckmann, Katharina Kesy, Olga Jeske, Peter Schumann, Stijn H. Peeters, Nicolai Kallscheuer, Mike Strauss, Anja Heuer, Mike S. M. Jetten, Matthias Labrenz, Manfred Rohde, Christian Boedeker, Harald Engelhardt, Dirk Schüler, View ORCID ProfileChristian Jogler
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/817700
Sandra Wiegand
1Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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  • ORCID record for Sandra Wiegand
  • For correspondence: s.wiegand@science.ru.nl christian@jogler.de
Mareike Jogler
1Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
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Timo Kohn
1Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ram Prasad Awal
3University Bayreuth, Germany
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Sonja Oberbeckmann
4Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Germany
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Katharina Kesy
4Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Germany
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Olga Jeske
2Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
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Peter Schumann
2Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
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Stijn H. Peeters
1Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nicolai Kallscheuer
1Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mike Strauss
5Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Anja Heuer
2Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
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Mike S. M. Jetten
1Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Matthias Labrenz
4Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Germany
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Manfred Rohde
6Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Christian Boedeker
2Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
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Harald Engelhardt
5Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Dirk Schüler
3University Bayreuth, Germany
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Christian Jogler
1Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
7Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Christian Jogler
  • For correspondence: s.wiegand@science.ru.nl christian@jogler.de
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Abstract

Our current understanding of a free-living bacterium - capable of withstanding a variety of environmental stresses-is represented by the image of a peptidoglycan-armored rigid casket. The making and breaking of peptidoglycan greatly determines cell shape. The cytoplasmic membrane follows this shape, pressed towards the cell wall by turgor pressure. Consequently, bacteria are morphologically static organisms, in contrast to eukaryotic cells that can facilitate shape changes. Here we report the discovery of the novel bacterial phylum Saltatorellota, that challenges this concept of a bacterial cell. Members of this phylum can change their shape, are capable of amoeba-like locomotion and trunk-formation through the creation of extensive pseudopodia-like structures. Two independent Saltatorellota cells can fuse, and they employ various forms of cell division from budding to canonical binary fission. Despite their polymorphisms, members of the Saltatorellota do possess a peptidoglycan cell wall. Their genomes encode flagella and type IV pili as well as a bacterial actin homolog, the ‘saltatorellin’. This protein is most similar to MamK, a dynamic filament-forming protein, that aligns and segregates magnetosome organelles via treadmilling. We found saltatorellin to form filaments in both, E. coli and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, leading to the hypothesis that shapeshifting and pseudopodia formation might be driven by treadmilling of saltatorellin.

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Posted October 24, 2019.
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The novel shapeshifting bacterial phylum Saltatorellota
Sandra Wiegand, Mareike Jogler, Timo Kohn, Ram Prasad Awal, Sonja Oberbeckmann, Katharina Kesy, Olga Jeske, Peter Schumann, Stijn H. Peeters, Nicolai Kallscheuer, Mike Strauss, Anja Heuer, Mike S. M. Jetten, Matthias Labrenz, Manfred Rohde, Christian Boedeker, Harald Engelhardt, Dirk Schüler, Christian Jogler
bioRxiv 817700; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/817700
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The novel shapeshifting bacterial phylum Saltatorellota
Sandra Wiegand, Mareike Jogler, Timo Kohn, Ram Prasad Awal, Sonja Oberbeckmann, Katharina Kesy, Olga Jeske, Peter Schumann, Stijn H. Peeters, Nicolai Kallscheuer, Mike Strauss, Anja Heuer, Mike S. M. Jetten, Matthias Labrenz, Manfred Rohde, Christian Boedeker, Harald Engelhardt, Dirk Schüler, Christian Jogler
bioRxiv 817700; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/817700

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