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Human Bocavirus Prevalence In Children With Acute Gastroenteritis From Rural Communities In The Northen Region Of South Africa

View ORCID ProfileMpumelelo Casper Rikhotso, View ORCID ProfileRonewa Khumela, Jean Pierre Kabue, View ORCID ProfileAfsatou Ndama Traoré, View ORCID ProfileNatasha Potgieter
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/830281
Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso
1Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, RSA
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  • For correspondence: mputso@yahoo.com
Ronewa Khumela
1Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, RSA
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Jean Pierre Kabue
1Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, RSA
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Afsatou Ndama Traoré
1Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, RSA
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Natasha Potgieter
1Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, RSA
2Dean, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, RSA
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Abstract

BACKGROUND Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. Human Bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus globally associated with diarrhea. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the prevalence of HBoV genotypes in children (≤5 years) from rural communities in South Africa (SA) suffering from AGE.

MATERIAL AND METHOD A total of 141 fecal samples of children ≤5 years with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) were collected from rural Primary Health Care facilities in the Vhembe district of SA between June 2017 and July 2018. Clinical symptoms and demographic data were also recorded. A total of 102 (72%) were outpatients and 39 (28%) were hospitalized patients. Human Bocavirus (HBoV) genotypes were determined using Real-Time Multiplex PCR. DNA extracts of positive samples were confirmed by conventional PCR targeting the NS1 gene. Co-infection with other enteric viruses were determined in HBoV positive samples using Real-Time PCR.

RESULTS HBoV was detected in 8 (5.7%) children with AGE. Children were in the age group between 1-24 months. HBoV1 and HBoV3 genotypes were each detected in 3 (37.5%) stool samples and HBoV2 in 2 (25%) stool samples. Co-infection with other enteric viruses included Rotavirus (37.5%); Adenovirus (37.5%); Norovirus (25%) and Astrovirus (12.5%).

CONCLUSION HBoV infections could be seen as a potential emerging diarrheal pathogen in South Africa. Further studies are required to understand the role of HBoV infections in children and adults with acute gastroenteritis.

Author summary Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is recognized as a major cause for mortality in children ≤5 years of age in Africa and other developing countries. Viruses known to be involved in AGE includes Rotavirus, Norovirus, Astrovirus and Adenovirus and have been reported globally. Recently the Human Bocavirus (HBoV) have been reported in numerous studies globally as a potential cause of diarrhea. In this study, the prevalence and genetic diversity of human Bocavirus in children with AGE from rural communities in Limpopo, South Africa were investigated. In total, 141 stool samples from children ≤ 5 years with AGE were assessed for the presence of HBoV using Real-Time PCR. HBoV were detected in 8 (5.7%) patients and included 3 positive samples for HBoV1 and HBoV3 respectively and 2 positive for HBoV2. No HBoV4 were detected. Among the 8 positive HBoV samples, co-infection with other enteric viruses were found in 7 (87.5%) samples, while mono infection with HBoV alone was detected in 1 (12.5%) patient. HBoV mixed infection with Rotavirus (3/8; 37.5%); Adenovirus (3/8; 37.5%); Norovirus (2/8; 25%) and Astrovirus (1/8; 12.5%) were observed in this study. This study reported for the first time on the prevalence of human Bocavirus in children with AGE from rural communities in South Africa.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 04, 2019.
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Human Bocavirus Prevalence In Children With Acute Gastroenteritis From Rural Communities In The Northen Region Of South Africa
Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso, Ronewa Khumela, Jean Pierre Kabue, Afsatou Ndama Traoré, Natasha Potgieter
bioRxiv 830281; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/830281
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Human Bocavirus Prevalence In Children With Acute Gastroenteritis From Rural Communities In The Northen Region Of South Africa
Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso, Ronewa Khumela, Jean Pierre Kabue, Afsatou Ndama Traoré, Natasha Potgieter
bioRxiv 830281; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/830281

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