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Cell lineage-dependent chiral actomyosin flows drive cellular rearrangements in early development

Lokesh Pimpale, Teije C. Middelkoop, Alexander Mietke, Stephan W. Grill
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/842922
Lokesh Pimpale
1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
2Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
3Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Germany
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Teije C. Middelkoop
1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
2Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
3Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Germany
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Alexander Mietke
1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
4Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
5Chair of Scientific Computing for Systems Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, TU Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
6Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
7Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
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Stephan W. Grill
1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
2Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
3Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Germany
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  • For correspondence: grill@mpi-cbg.de
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ABSTRACT

Proper positioning of cells is important for many aspects of embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. A simple mechanism by which cell positions can be specified is via orienting the cell division axis. This axis is specified at the onset of cytokinesis, but can be reoriented as cytokinesis proceeds. Rotatory actomyosin flows have been implied in specifying and reorienting the cell division axis in certain cases, but how general such reorientation events are, and how they are controlled, remains unclear. In this study, we set out to address these questions by investigating early Caenorhabditis elegans development. In particular, we determined which of the early embryonic cell divisions exhibit chiral counter-rotating actomyosin flows, and which do not. We follow the first nine divisions of the early embryo, and discover that chiral counter-rotating flows arise systematically in the early AB lineage, but not in early P/EMS lineage cell divisions. Combining our experiments with thin film active chiral fluid theory we identify specific properties of the actomyosin cortex in the symmetric AB lineage divisions that favor chiral counter-rotating actomyosin flows of the two halves of the dividing cell. Finally, we show that these counter-rotations are the driving force of both the AB lineage spindle skew and cell reorientation events. In conclusion, we here have shed light on the physical basis of lineage-specific actomyosin-based processes that drive chiral morphogenesis during development.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 14, 2019.
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Cell lineage-dependent chiral actomyosin flows drive cellular rearrangements in early development
Lokesh Pimpale, Teije C. Middelkoop, Alexander Mietke, Stephan W. Grill
bioRxiv 842922; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/842922
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Cell lineage-dependent chiral actomyosin flows drive cellular rearrangements in early development
Lokesh Pimpale, Teije C. Middelkoop, Alexander Mietke, Stephan W. Grill
bioRxiv 842922; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/842922

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