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Much more than a clasp: Evolutionary pattern of amplexus diversity in anurans

View ORCID ProfileJuan D. Carvajal-Castro, Yelenny López-Aguirre, Ana María Ospina-L, Juan C. Santos, View ORCID ProfileBibiana Rojas, Fernando Vargas-Salinas
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/854117
Juan D. Carvajal-Castro
1Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
2Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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  • For correspondence: carvajaljcastro@gmail.com
Yelenny López-Aguirre
2Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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Ana María Ospina-L
1Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
2Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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Juan C. Santos
3Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
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Bibiana Rojas
4Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Fernando Vargas-Salinas
2Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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ABSTRACT

The evolution and diversification of animal reproductive modes have been pivotal questions in behavioral ecology. Amphibians present the highest diversity of reproductive modes among vertebrates, involving various behavioral, physiological and morphological traits. One of such features is the amplexus, the clasp or embrace of males on females during reproduction, which is almost universal to anurans. Hypotheses about the origin amplexus are limited and have not been thoroughly tested, nor had they taken into account evolutionary relationships in most comparative studies. However, these considerations are crucial to understand the evolution of reproductive modes. Here, using an evolutionary framework, we reconstruct the ancestral state of amplexus in 686 anuran species; investigate whether the amplexus type is a conserved trait; and test whether sexual size dimorphism (SSD) could have influenced the amplexus type or male performance while clasping females. Overall, we found evidence of at least 35 evolutionary transitions in amplexus type across anurans. We also found that amplexus exhibits a high phylogenetic signal (it is conserved across Anura evolutionary history) and the amplexus type does not evolve in association with SSD. We discuss the implications of our findings on the diversity of amplexus types across anurans.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 26, 2019.
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Much more than a clasp: Evolutionary pattern of amplexus diversity in anurans
Juan D. Carvajal-Castro, Yelenny López-Aguirre, Ana María Ospina-L, Juan C. Santos, Bibiana Rojas, Fernando Vargas-Salinas
bioRxiv 854117; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/854117
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Much more than a clasp: Evolutionary pattern of amplexus diversity in anurans
Juan D. Carvajal-Castro, Yelenny López-Aguirre, Ana María Ospina-L, Juan C. Santos, Bibiana Rojas, Fernando Vargas-Salinas
bioRxiv 854117; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/854117

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