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Out of the Mediterranean Region: worldwide biogeography of snapdragons and relatives (tribe Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae)

View ORCID ProfileJuan Manuel Gorospe, David Monjas, View ORCID ProfileMario Fernández-Mazuecos
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/855973
Juan Manuel Gorospe
1Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid
2Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo (UIMP), Calle de Isaac Peral 23, 28040 Madrid
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  • For correspondence: jmdegorospe@gmail.com
David Monjas
1Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid
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Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
1Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid
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ABSTRACT

Aim The tribe Antirrhineae, including snapdragons, toadflaxes and relatives, is a model group for plant evolutionary research. It is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and the Neotropics, but displays an uneven distribution of diversity, with more than 50% of species and subspecies in the Mediterranean Region. Here we conducted the first detailed, worldwide biogeographic analysis of the Antirrhineae and tested two alternative hypotheses (time-for-speciation vs. diversification rate differences) to explain the uneven distribution of diversity.

Location Worldwide, with a focus on the Mediterranean Region.

Taxon tribe Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae).

Methods A phylogenetic biogeographic approach was taken, accounting for area connections through time. Ancestral ranges, dispersal events, speciation and lineage accumulation within areas were estimated. Diversification rates for taxa present and absent in the Mediterranean Region were compared, accounting for the effect of a floral key innovation (nectar spur).

Results A proto-Mediterranean origin in the Late Eocene was estimated, and the Mediterranean Region stood out as the main centre for speciation and dispersal. Congruent patterns of long-distance dispersal from the Mediterranean Region to North America were recovered for at least two amphiatlantic clades. A significant floristic exchange between the Mediterranean and south-western Asia was detected. We found no evidence of different diversification rates between lineages inside and outside the Mediterranean Region.

Main conclusions The Mediterranean Region played a key role in the origin of the current distribution of the Antirrhineae. However, the higher species richness found in this region appears to be the result of a time-for-speciation effect rather than of increased diversification rates. The establishment of current mediterranean climates in the Northern Hemisphere appears to have contributed to the recent diversification of the group, in combination with colonisation of adjacent regions with arid and semi-arid climates.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 26, 2019.
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Out of the Mediterranean Region: worldwide biogeography of snapdragons and relatives (tribe Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae)
Juan Manuel Gorospe, David Monjas, Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
bioRxiv 855973; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/855973
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Out of the Mediterranean Region: worldwide biogeography of snapdragons and relatives (tribe Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae)
Juan Manuel Gorospe, David Monjas, Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
bioRxiv 855973; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/855973

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