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Characterizing neuroanatomic heterogeneity in people with and without ADHD based on subcortical brain volumes

Ting Li, Daan van Rooij, Nina Roth Mota, Jan K. Buitelaar, the ENIGMA ADHD Working Group, Martine Hoogman, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Barbara Franke
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/868414
Ting Li
1Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Daan van Rooij
2Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nina Roth Mota
1Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jan K. Buitelaar
2Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Martine Hoogman
1Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Alejandro Arias Vasquez
1Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Barbara Franke
1Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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  • For correspondence: barbara.franke@radboudumc.nl
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Abstract

Background Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adults. Neuroanatomic heterogeneity limits our understanding of the etiology of ADHD. This study aimed to parse neuroanatomic heterogeneity of ADHD, and to determine whether subgroups could be discerned in patients based on subcortical volumes.

Methods Using the dataset from the ENIGMA-ADHD Working Group, we applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to subcortical volumes of 993 boys with and without ADHD, and to subsamples of 653 adult men, 400 girls, and 447 women. Factor scores derived from the EFA were used to build networks. A community detection (CD) algorithm clustered participants into subgroups based on the networks.

Results Three factors (basal ganglia, limbic system, and thalamus) were found in boys and men with and without ADHD. The factor structures for girls and women differed from those in males. Given sample size considerations, we concentrated subsequent analyses on males. Male participants could be separated into four communities, though Community 3 was absent in healthy men. Significantly case-control differences of subcortical volumes were observed within communities in boys with increased effect sizes, but not in men. While we found no significant differences in ADHD symptom severity between communities in boys or men; affected men in Community 1 and 4 presented comorbidities more frequently than those in other communities.

Conclusion Our results indicate that neuroanatomic heterogeneity in subcortical volumes exists, irrespective of ADHD diagnosis. Effect sizes of case-control differences appear more pronounced at least in some of the subgroups.

Footnotes

  • ↵* shared first authorship

  • http://enigma.ini.usc.edu/ongoing/enigma-adhd-working-group/

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted December 08, 2019.
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Characterizing neuroanatomic heterogeneity in people with and without ADHD based on subcortical brain volumes
Ting Li, Daan van Rooij, Nina Roth Mota, Jan K. Buitelaar, the ENIGMA ADHD Working Group, Martine Hoogman, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Barbara Franke
bioRxiv 868414; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/868414
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Characterizing neuroanatomic heterogeneity in people with and without ADHD based on subcortical brain volumes
Ting Li, Daan van Rooij, Nina Roth Mota, Jan K. Buitelaar, the ENIGMA ADHD Working Group, Martine Hoogman, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Barbara Franke
bioRxiv 868414; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/868414

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