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- March 6, 2017.
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- Mark Lipson1†*,
- Anna Szécsényi-Nagy2†*,
- Swapan Mallick1,3,
- Annamária Pósa2,
- Balázs Stégmár2,
- Victoria Keerl4,
- Nadin Rohland1,
- Kristin Stewardson1,5,
- Matthew Ferry1,5,
- Megan Michel1,5,
- Jonas Oppenheimer1,5,
- Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht1,5,
- Eadaoin Harney1,5,
- Susanne Nordenfelt1,
- Bastien Llamas6,
- Balázs Gusztáv Mende2,
- Kitti Köhler2,
- Krisztián Oross2,
- Mária Bondár2,
- Tibor Marton2,
- Anett Osztás2,
- János Jakucs2,
- Tibor Paluch7,
- Ferenc Horváth7,
- Piroska Csengeri8,
- Judit Koós8,
- Katalin Sebők9,
- Alexandra Anders9,
- Pál Raczky9,
- Judit Regenye10,
- Judit P. Barna11,
- Szilvia Fábián12,
- Gábor Serlegi2,
- Zoltán Toldi13,
- Emese Gyöngyvér Nagy14,
- János Dani14,
- Erika Molnár15,
- György Pálfi15,
- Lászlò Márk16,17,18,19,
- Béla Melegh18,20,
- Zsolt Bánfai18,20,
- Javier Fernández-Eraso21,
- José Antonio Mujika-Alustiza21,
- Carmen Alonso Fernández22,
- Javier Jiménez Echevarría22,
- Ruth Bollongino4,
- Jörg Orschiedt23,24,
- Kerstin Schierhold25,
- Harald Meller26,
- Alan Cooper6,27,
- Joachim Burger4,
- Eszter Bánffy2,28,
- Kurt W. Alt29,
- Carles Lalueza-Fox30,
- Wolfgang Haak6,31 and
- David Reich1,3,5,*
- 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- 2Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1097, Hungary
- 3Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- 4Institute of Organimsic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany
- 5Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- 6Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- 7Móra Ferenc Museum, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- 8Herman Ottó Museum, H-3529 Miskolc, Hungary
- 9Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
- 10Laczkó Dezső Museum, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
- 11Balaton Museum, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary
- 12Department of Archaeological Excavations and Artefact Processing, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
- 13Jósa András Museum, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
- 14Déri Museum, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
- 15Department of Biological Anthropology, Szeged University, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- 16Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- 17Imaging Center for Life and Material Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- 18Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- 19PTE-MTA Human Reproduction Research Group, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- 20Department of Medical Genetics and Szentaagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- 21Department of Geography, Prehistory, and Archaeology, University of the Basque Country, Investigation Group IT622-13, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- 22CRONOS SC, 09007 Burgos, Spain
- 23Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- 24Curt-Engelhorn-Centre Archaeometry gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- 25Commission for Westphalian Antiquities, Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association, 48157 Münster, Germany
- 26State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Heritage Museum, D-06114 Halle, Germany
- 27Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- 28Romano-Germanic Commission, German Archaeological Institute, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- 29Center of Natural and Cultural History of Man, Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems-Stein, Austria
- 30Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- 31Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
- ↵*Email: mlipson{at}genetics.med.harvard.edu, szecsenyi-nagy.anna{at}btk.mta.hu, reich{at}genetics.med.harvard.edu
↵† These authors contributed equally to this work