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- September 8, 2017.
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- Robin N Beaumont1*,
- Nicole M Warrington2*,
- Alana Cavadino3,
- Jessica Tyrrell1,4,
- Michael Nodzenski5,
- Momoko Horikoshi6,7,
- Frank Geller8,
- Ronny Myhre9,
- Rebecca C. Richmond10,11,12,
- Lavinia Paternoster10,
- Jonathan P. Bradfield13,
- Eskil Kreiner-Møller14,
- Ville Huikari15,
- Sarah Metrustry16,
- Kathryn L. Lunetta17,18,
- Jodie N. Painter19,
- Jouke-Jan Hottenga20,21,
- Catherine Allard22,
- Sheila J. Barton23,
- Ana Espinosa24,25,26,
- Julie A. Marsh27,
- Catherine Potter28,
- Ge Zhang29,30,31,
- Wei Ang27,
- Diane J. Berry32,
- Luigi Bouchard22,33,34,
- Shikta Das35,
- Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium§,
- Hakon Hakonarson13,36,37,
- Jani Heikkinen38,
- Øyvind Helgeland39,40,41,
- Berthold Hocher42,43,
- Albert Hofman44,
- Hazel M. Inskip23,45,
- Samuel E Jones1,
- Manolis Kogevinas24,25,26,
- Penelope A. Lind19,
- Letizia Marullo46,
- Sarah E. Medland19,
- Anna Murray1,
- Jeffrey C. Murray47,
- Pål R. Njølstad39,40,
- Ellen A. Nohr48,
- Christoph Reichetzeder43,49,
- Susan M. Ring10,11,
- Katherine S Ruth1,
- Loreto Santa-Marina25,50,51,
- Denise M. Scholtens5,
- Sylvain Sebert15,52,
- Verena Sengpiel53,
- Marcus A Tuke1,
- Marc Vaudel39,
- Michael N Weedon1,
- Gonneke Willemsen20,21,
- Andrew R Wood1,
- Hanieh Yaghootkar1,
- Louis J. Muglia30,31,
- Meike Bartels20,21,
- Caroline L. Relton10,11,28,
- Craig E. Pennell27,
- Leda Chatzi54,
- Xavier Estivill24,25,55,
- John W. Holloway56,
- Dorret I. Boomsma20,21,
- Grant W. Montgomery19,
- Joanne M. Murabito18,57,
- Tim D. Spector16,
- Christine Power32,
- Marjo-Ritta Järvelin15,52,58,59,60,
- Hans Bisgaard14,
- Struan F.A. Grant13,36,37,
- Thorkild I.A. Sørensen10,61,62,
- Vincent W. Jaddoe12,44,63,
- Bo Jacobsson9,53,
- Mads Melbye8,64,
- Mark I. McCarthy6,7,65,
- Andrew T. Hattersley1,
- M. Geoffrey Hayes66,
- Timothy M. Frayling1,
- Marie-France Hivert67,68,69,
- Janine F. Felix12,44,63,
- Elina Hyppönen32,70,71,
- William L. Lowe Jr.66,
- David M Evans2,10,11†,
- Debbie A. Lawlor10,11†,
- Bjarke Feenstra8† and
- Rachel M. Freathy1,10†
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
- 2University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- 3Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London.
- 4European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, The Knowledge Spa, Truro, TR1 3HD.
- 5Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
- 6Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK.
- 7Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- 8Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 9Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- 10Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- 11Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- 12The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- 13Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
- 14Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark & Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark.
- 15Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- 16Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK.
- 17Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, USA.
- 18Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
- 19QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia.
- 20EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 21Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- 22Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- 23Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- 24Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- 25CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
- 26IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
- 27Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- 28Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
- 29Human Genetics Division, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- 30Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.
- 31March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- 32Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
- 33ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada.
- 34Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- 35Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London.
- 36Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
- 37Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
- 38FIMM Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki University Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
- 39KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 40Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway.
- 41Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- 42The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- 43Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Germany
- 44Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- 45NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- 46Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
- 47Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
- 48Research Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- 49Center for Cardiovascular Research / Charité, Berlin, Germany.
- 50Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain.
- 51Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria BIODONOSTIA, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- 52Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
- 53Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 54Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Greece.
- 55Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
- 56Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton.
- 57Boston University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine.
- 58Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- 59Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland.
- 60Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Aapistie 1, Box 310, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland.
- 61Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 62Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 63Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- 64Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
- 65Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- 66Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- 67Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
- 68Diabetes Center, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
- 69Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- 70Centre for School of Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
- 71South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
- Corresponding authors: Dr. Rachel M. Freathy, University of Exeter, Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK, Tel: +44 (0)1392 408238, Email: r.freathy{at}ex.ac.uk, Prof. Debbie A. Lawlor, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Road, Bristol, UK, Tel: +44 (0)117 3310096, Email: d.a.lawlor{at}bristol.ac.uk, Dr. Bjarke Feenstra, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark, Tel : +45 3268 3852, Email : fee{at}ssi.dk
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work