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Cultivation and genomic analysis of Candidatus Nitrosocaldus islandicus, a novel obligately thermophilic ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeon

Anne Daebeler, Craig Herbold, Julia Vierheilig, Christopher J Sedlacek, Petra Pjevac, Mads Albersten, Rasmus H Kirkegaard, Jose R de la Torre, Holger Daims, Michael Wagner
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/235028
Anne Daebeler
University of Vienna;
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Craig Herbold
University of Vienna;
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Julia Vierheilig
University of Vienna;
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Christopher J Sedlacek
University of Vienna;
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Petra Pjevac
University of Vienna;
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Mads Albersten
Aalborg University;
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Rasmus H Kirkegaard
Aalborg University;
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Jose R de la Torre
San Franscisco State University
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Holger Daims
University of Vienna;
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Michael Wagner
University of Vienna;
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  • For correspondence: wagner@microbial-ecology.net
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Abstract

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) within the phylum Thaumarchaea are the only known aerobic ammonia oxidizers in geothermal environments. Although molecular data indicate the presence of phylogenetically diverse AOA from the Nitrosocaldus clade, group 1.1b and group 1.1a Thaumarchaea in terrestrial high-temperature habitats, only one enrichment culture of an AOA thriving above 50 C has been reported and functionally analyzed. In this study, we physiologically and genomically characterized a novel Thaumarchaeon from the deep-branching Nitrosocaldaceae family of which we have obtained a high (~85 %) enrichment from biofilm of an Icelandic hot spring (73 C). This AOA, which we provisionally refer to as 'Candidatus Nitrosocaldus islandicus', is an obligately thermophilic, aerobic chemolithoautotrophic ammonia oxidizer, which stoichiometrically converts ammonia to nitrite at temperatures between 50 C and 70 C. Ca. N. islandicus encodes the expected repertoire of enzymes proposed to be required for archaeal ammonia oxidation, but unexpectedly lacks a nirK gene and also possesses no identifiable other enzyme for nitric oxide (NO) generation. Nevertheless, ammonia oxidation by this AOA appears to be NO-dependent as Ca. N. islandicus is, like all other tested AOA, inhibited by the addition of an NO scavenger. Furthermore, comparative genomics revealed that Ca. N. islandicus has the potential for aromatic amino acid fermentation as its genome encodes an indolepyruvate oxidoreductase (iorAB) as well as a type 3b hydrogenase, which are not present in any other sequenced AOA. A further surprising genomic feature of this thermophilic ammonia oxidizer is the absence of DNA polymerase D genes - one of the predominant replicative DNA polymerases in all other ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaea. Collectively, our findings suggest that metabolic versatility and DNA replication might differ substantially between obligately thermophilic and other AOA.

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  • Posted December 15, 2017.

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Cultivation and genomic analysis of Candidatus Nitrosocaldus islandicus, a novel obligately thermophilic ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeon
Anne Daebeler, Craig Herbold, Julia Vierheilig, Christopher J Sedlacek, Petra Pjevac, Mads Albersten, Rasmus H Kirkegaard, Jose R de la Torre, Holger Daims, Michael Wagner
bioRxiv 235028; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/235028
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Cultivation and genomic analysis of Candidatus Nitrosocaldus islandicus, a novel obligately thermophilic ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeon
Anne Daebeler, Craig Herbold, Julia Vierheilig, Christopher J Sedlacek, Petra Pjevac, Mads Albersten, Rasmus H Kirkegaard, Jose R de la Torre, Holger Daims, Michael Wagner
bioRxiv 235028; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/235028

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