Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase regulates various cellular processes. Intracellular pH flux impacted by carbonic anhydrase alters the enzyme’s allosteric active site which effects several downstream cellular processes. Earlier, we reported that, the catalytic activity of carbonic anhydrase is independent, but direction of catalysis is affected by cellular pH level. On the other hand carbonic anhydrase alters the cytosolic pH level to facilitate allosteric phosphorylation of proteins which further leads to cellular differentiation through a process being regulated by ncRNAs.
Results This study illustrates various ways of cell differentiation/ organ development regulation via carbonic anhydrase interacting network of proteins involved in various cellular processes. It is involved in protein degradation process of other proteins like RPT, 26S proteasome, AT3G15120 and its variant producing ncRNA, etc. Carbonic anhydrase indirectly involved in signaling process along with MAPK in providing innate resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. It is also indirectly linked to cell membrane transporters like H+-ATPase and V-ATPase B.
Conclusions Though carbonic anhydrase is not directly linked with EMS1 as revealed by network analyses and protein-protein interaction there could be a suitable condition generated by the carbonic anhydrase for EMS1 to be active. Hence, we report that carbonic anhydrase, along with other pH regulating gene complexes plays a major role for making EMS1 functional.
List of abbreviations
- Atom
- constituent atom in protein
- ATPD-F-type
- ATPase acting in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient
- CA
- Carbonic anhydrase
- CAX
- Cation exchanger /proton exchanger
- CAX
- calcium exchanger protein genes
- Conf.
- confirmation
- CRR
- Chlororespiration reduction
- Desolv.
- Dissolving power
- Ele
- Electrostatic potential
- EMS1
- excess microsporocytes1
- GBR
- Generalised bond radii
- GLY3
- Glyoxalase II 3
- GMC
- guard mother cell
- HAB
- Hypersensitive to ABA
- HMA
- Heavy metal ATPase
- LRR-RLKs
- leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases
- MAPK-MAP
- kinase kinase
- OS
- Oxidative stress
- pKa
- pH of molecule
- pnslchloroplastic
- photosynthetic NDH subunit of luminal location 5 gene
- PTM
- Post translational modification
- Res
- residue; Chain identifier
- Resn.
- residue number
- RIN1
- Ripening inhibitor
- ROS
- Reactive oxygen species
- RP
- 19S regulatory particle of 26S proteasome
- RPT2a
- Regulatory particle AAA-ATPase 2A
- RPT
- Regulatory particle triple-A
- SAR
- systemic acquired resistance
- STOP1
- sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity a Cys2/His2 type zinc-finger transcription factor pnsb1-chloroplastic Photosynthetic NDH subunit of subcomplex B1
- SULTR
- sulphate transporter responsible for high-affinity H+ /sulphate co-transport
- UPP
- ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated proteolysis
- VAB
- V-ATPase B
- VDW
- Van der walls forces
- VHA
- Vacuolar proton ATPase
- YDA
- mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase YODA