RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Signal to Noise Ratio as a Cross-Platform Metric for Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 847863
DO 10.1101/847863
A1 Asmaysinh Gharia
A1 Efthymios P. Papageorgiou
A1 Simeon Giverts
A1 Catherine Park
A1 Mekhail Anwar
YR 2019
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/11/20/847863.abstract
AB Real-time molecular imaging to guide curative cancer surgeries is critical to ensure removal of all tumor cells, however visualization of microscopic tumor foci remains challenging. Wide variation in both imager instrumentation and molecular labeling agents demands a common metric conveying the ability of a system to identify tumor cells. Microscopic disease, comprised of a small number of tumor cells, has a signal on par with the background, making the use of signal (or tumor) to background ratio inapplicable in this critical regime. Therefore, a metric that incorporates the ability to subtract out background, evaluating the signal itself relative to the sources of uncertainty, or noise is required. Here we introduce the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to characterize the ultimate sensitivity of an imaging system, and optimize factors such as pixel size. Variation in the background (noise) are due to electronic sources, optical sources, and spatial sources (heterogeneity in tumor marker expression, fluorophore binding, diffusion). Here we investigate the impact of these noise sources and ways to limit its effect on SNR. We use empirical tumor and noise measurements to procedurally generate tumor images and run a monte carlo simulation of microscopic disease imaging to optimize parameters such as pixel size.