TY - JOUR T1 - MicroRNA-196a is regulated by ER and is a prognostic biomarker in ER+ Breast Cancer JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/329227 SP - 329227 AU - Michael J.G. Milevskiy AU - Udai Gujral AU - Carolina Del Lama Marques AU - Andrew Stone AU - Korinne Northwood AU - Lez J. Burke AU - Julia M.W. Gee AU - Kenneth Nephew AU - Susan Clark AU - Melissa A. Brown Y1 - 2018/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/05/23/329227.abstract N2 - MicroRNAs are potent post-transcriptional regulators involved in all hallmarks of cancer. Mir-196a is transcribed from two loci and has been implicated in a wide range of developmental and pathogenic processes, with targets including Hox, Fox, Cdk inhibitors and annexins. Genetic variants and altered expression of miR196a are associated with risk and progression of multiple cancers including breast cancer, however little is known about the regulation of the genes encoding this miRNA, nor the impact of variants therein. Here we demonstrate that MIR196A displays complex and dynamic expression patterns, in part controlled by long range transcriptional regulation between promoter and enhancer elements bound by ERĪ±. Expression of this miRNA is significantly increased in models of hormone receptor positive disease resistance. The expression of MIR196A also proves to be a robust prognostic factor for patients with advanced and post-menopausal ER+ disease. This work sheds light on the normal and abnormal regulation of MIR196A and provides a novel stratification method for therapeutically resistant breast cancer. ER -