RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Relationship between maximal incremental and high-intensity interval exercise performance in elite athletes
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 856237
DO 10.1101/856237
A1 Shih-Chieh Chang
A1 Alessandra Adami
A1 Hsin-Chin Lin
A1 Yin-Chou Lin
A1 Carl P.C. Chen
A1 Tieh-Cheng Fu
A1 Chih-Chin Hsu
A1 Shu-Chun Huang
YR 2019
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/11/26/856237.abstract
AB It remains unclear whether the number of total bouts to limitation (Blim) in high-intensity interval testing (HIIT) differs among individuals, no matter if performed at the same relative intensity. This study aimed to explore the physiologic factors determining tolerance to effort during a HIIT. Forty-seven female participants (15-28 years old) were included: 23 athletes from Taiwan national or national reserve teams, and 24 moderately-active female. Each participant underwent maximal incremental (INC; modified-Bruce protocol) cardiopulmonary exercise testing and HIIT on treadmill, on separate days. HIIT protocol alternated a 1-min effort at 120% of the maximal speed and the same slope reached at the end of INC, with a 1-min rest, until volitional exhaustion. Gas-exchanges, and muscle oxygenation at right vastus lateralis by near-infrared spectroscopy, were continuously recorded. Additionally, bioelectrical impedance was utilized for body composition analysis. The result showed that Blim differed greatly (range: 2.6 to 12) among participants. Stepwise regression revealed that Blim was determined primarily by oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) at second-minute recovery; and, muscle tissue saturation index at peak of INC (R=0.644). Also, age and percent body fat were linearly correlated with Blim (adjusted R=−0.475, −0.371, p<0.05). Therefore, HIIT performance is determined by fast recovery of VO2 and HR, rather than maximal VO2 or muscle oxygenation recovery. Moreover, capacity to sustain a HIIT declines with age since as early as late adolescent. Further investigations on which factors should be manipulated to further improve athletes performance are warrant.ATTadipose tissue thicknessBlimnumber of total bouts to limitation (i.e. exhaustion) in high-intensity interval exercise testingBCMbody cell massCWRconstant work rate testingEqCO2ventilatory equivalent for CO2EqO2ventilatory equivalent for O2FFMfat free massHHbdeoxy-(hemoglobin+myoglobin)HRheart rateHRmaxmaximal HRHR reserveheart rate reserve△HR0.5HRmax – HR at 0.5 min recovery△HR1HRmax – HR at 1 min recovery△HR2HRmax – HR at 2 min recovery△HR0.5/△HR0.5 / HRmax△HR1/△HR1 / HRmax△HR2/△HR2 / HRmaxHRrt1/2time span the heart rate recovers to halfHIIThigh-intensity interval testingINCmaximal incremental exercise testMAmoderately-active subjectsMax O2 pulsemaximal VO2/HRNIRSnear-infrared spectroscopyO2Hboxy-(hemoglobin+myoglobin)△O2Hb0.5O2Hb at 0.5 min during recovery – peak O2Hb△O2Hb1O2Hb at 1 min during recovery – peak O2Hb△O2Hb2O2Hb at 2 min during recovery – peak O2Hb△O2Hb0.5/△O2Hb0.5/ (maximal O2Hb – minimal O2Hb) during recovery△O2Hb1/△O2Hb1/ (maximal O2Hb – minimal O2Hb) during recovery△O2Hb2/△O2Hb2/ (maximal O2Hb – minimal O2Hb) during recoveryPBFpercent body fatSLMsoft lean massSMMskeletal muscle massSMLAsegmental muscle mass, left armSMLLsegmental muscle mass, left legSMRAsegmental muscle mass, right armSMRLsegmental muscle mass, right legSMTRsegmental muscle mass, trunkTBM/FFMtotal body mass/fat free massT1/2the time span the variable changes in halfTHbtotal-(hemoglobin+myoglobin)TSItissue saturation indexTSIpeaknadir of tissue saturation index during INC△TSI0.5TSI at 0.5 min during INC recovery – peak TSI△TSI1TSI at 1 min during INC recovery – peak TSI△TSI2TSI at 2 min during INC recovery – peak TSI△TSI0.5/△TSI0.5/ (maximal TSI – minimal TSI) during recovery△TSI1 /△TSI1/ (maximal TSI – minimal TSI) during recovery△TSI2/△TSI2/ (maximal TSI – minimal TSI) during recoveryVCO2carbonic dioxide consumptionVEminute ventilationVO2oxygen consumptionVO2maxmaximal VO2△VO20.5VO2max – VO2 at 0.5 min recovery△VO21VO2max – VO2 at 1 min recovery△VO22VO2max – VO2 at 2 min recovery△VO20.5/△VO20.5 / maximal VO2△VO21/△VO21 / maximal VO2△VO22/△VO22 / maximal VO2VO2rt1/2time span the VO2 recovers to half