TY - JOUR T1 - Antibody responses to immunization require sensory neurons JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/860395 SP - 860395 AU - Aisling Tynan AU - Téa Tsaava AU - Manojkumar Gunasekaran AU - Isabel Snee AU - Tak W. Mak AU - Peder Olofsson AU - Ulf Andersson AU - Sangeeta S. Chavan AU - Kevin J. Tracey Y1 - 2019/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/11/30/860395.abstract N2 - Mammals store memories in the nervous and immune systems. Sensory neurons have been implicated in enhancing neurological memory, but whether neurons participate during immunity to novel antigens is unknown. Here, mice rendered deficient in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing sensory neurons, termed “nociceptors,” fail to develop competent antibody responses to KLH and hapten-NP. Moreover, selective optogenetic stimulation of TRPV1 neurons during immunization significantly enhanced antibody responses to antigens. Thus, TRPV1 nociceptors mediate antibody responses to novel antigen, and stimulating TRPV1 nociceptors enhances antibody responses during immunization. This is the first genetic and selective functional evidence that nociceptors are required during immunization to produce antigen-specific antibodies.Summary The first genetic and selective functional evidence showing that TRPV1-expressing nociceptors are required for competent antibody responses to novel antigen, and stimulating TRPV1 nociceptors enhances antibody responses to novel antigen.TRPV1Transient Receptor Potenial Vanilloid 1KLHKeyhole limpet hemocyaninNP4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl haptenfMRIFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingCGRPCalcitonin Gene-related peptideELISAEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayIgImmunoglobulinDTADiphtheria toxin fragment AChR2Channelrhodopsin-2PBSPhosphate Buffered SalineOVAOvalbuminBSABovine Serum AlbuminEDTAEthylenediaminetetraacetic acidNEAANon-essential Amino AcidsFBSFetal Bovine SerumLPSLipopolysaccharideELISpotEnzyme-linked Immunosorbent SpotLEDLight-Emitting DiodeANOVAAnalysis of VarianceTCRβT Cell Receptor BetaASCAntibody Secreting CellHzHertzDCDuty Cycle ER -