TY - JOUR T1 - Image Scanning Microscopy with Single-Photon Detector Array JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/335596 SP - 335596 AU - Marco Castello AU - Giorgio Tortarolo AU - Mauro Buttafava AU - Takahiro Deguchi AU - Federica Villa AU - Sami Koho AU - Paolo Bianchini AU - Colin J. R. Sheppard AU - Alberto Diaspro AU - Alberto Tosi AU - Giuseppe Vicidomini Y1 - 2018/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/06/02/335596.abstract N2 - Image scanning microscopy (ISM) improves the spatial resolution of conventional confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM), but current implementations reduce versatility and restrict its combination with fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, such as fluorescence lifetime. Here, we describe a natural design of ISM based on a fast single-photon detector array, which allows straightforward upgrade of an existing confocal microscope, without compromising any of its functionalities. In contrast to all-optical ISM implementations, our approach provides access to the raw scanned images, opening the way to adaptive reconstruction methods, capable of considering different imaging conditions and distortions. We demonstrate its utility in the context of fluorescence lifetime, deep, multicolor and live-cell imaging. This implementation will pave the way for a transparent and massive transition from conventional CLSM to ISM.confocal microscopy | time-resolved spectroscopy | image scanning microscopy | single-photon detector array ER -