PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Wanxin Wang
AU  - Felipe Vilella
AU  - Inmaculada Moreno
AU  - Wenying Pan
AU  - Carlos Simon
AU  - Stephen R. Quake
TI  - Single cell RNAseq provides a molecular and cellular cartography of changes to the human endometrium through the menstrual cycle
AID  - 10.1101/350538
DP  - 2018 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 350538
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/06/19/350538.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/06/19/350538.full
AB  - In a human menstrual cycle, the endometrium undergoes remodeling, shedding, and regeneration which are driven by substantial gene expression changes in the underlying cellular hierarchy. Despite its importance in human fertility and regenerative biology, mechanistic understanding of this unique type of tissue homeostasis remains rudimentary. Here, we characterized the transcriptomic transformation of human endometrium at single cell resolution, dissecting multidimensional cellular heterogeneity of the tissue across the entire natural menstrual cycle. We analyzed 6 endometrial cell types, including a previously uncharacterized ciliated epithelial cell type, during four major phases of endometrial transformation, and found characteristic signatures for each cell type and phase. We discovered that human window of implantation opens up with an abrupt and discontinuous transcriptomic activation in the epithelium, accompanied with widespread decidualized feature in the stroma. These data reveal signatures in the luminal and glandular epithelium during epithelial gland reconstruction, and suggest a mechanism for adult gland formation.