PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - C. Shan Xu AU - Michal Januszewski AU - Zhiyuan Lu AU - Shin-ya Takemura AU - Kenneth J. Hayworth AU - Gary Huang AU - Kazunori Shinomiya AU - Jeremy Maitin-Shepard AU - David Ackerman AU - Stuart Berg AU - Tim Blakely AU - John Bogovic AU - Jody Clements AU - Tom Dolafi AU - Philip Hubbard AU - Dagmar Kainmueller AU - William Katz AU - Takashi Kawase AU - Khaled A. Khairy AU - Laramie Leavitt AU - Peter H. Li AU - Larry Lindsey AU - Nicole Neubarth AU - Donald J. Olbris AU - Hideo Otsuna AU - Eric T. Troutman AU - Lowell Umayam AU - Ting Zhao AU - Masayoshi Ito AU - Jens Goldammer AU - Tanya Wolff AU - Robert Svirskas AU - Philipp Schlegel AU - Erika R. Neace AU - Christopher J. Knecht, Jr. AU - Chelsea X. Alvarado AU - Dennis A. Bailey AU - Samantha Ballinger AU - Jolanta A Borycz AU - Brandon S. Canino AU - Natasha Cheatham AU - Michael Cook AU - Marisa Dreher AU - Octave Duclos AU - Bryon Eubanks AU - Kelli Fairbanks AU - Samantha Finley AU - Nora Forknall AU - Audrey Francis AU - Gary Patrick Hopkins AU - Emily M. Joyce AU - SungJin Kim AU - Nicole A. Kirk AU - Julie Kovalyak AU - Shirley A. Lauchie AU - Alanna Lohff AU - Charli Maldonado AU - Emily A. Manley AU - Sari McLin AU - Caroline Mooney AU - Miatta Ndama AU - Omotara Ogundeyi AU - Nneoma Okeoma AU - Christopher Ordish AU - Nicholas Padilla AU - Christopher Patrick AU - Tyler Paterson AU - Elliott E. Phillips AU - Emily M. Phillips AU - Neha Rampally AU - Caitlin Ribeiro AU - Madelaine K Robertson AU - Jon Thomson Rymer AU - Sean M. Ryan AU - Megan Sammons AU - Anne K. Scott AU - Ashley L. Scott AU - Aya Shinomiya AU - Claire Smith AU - Kelsey Smith AU - Natalie L. Smith AU - Margaret A. Sobeski AU - Alia Suleiman AU - Jackie Swift AU - Satoko Takemura AU - Iris Talebi AU - Dorota Tarnogorska AU - Emily Tenshaw AU - Temour Tokhi AU - John J. Walsh AU - Tansy Yang AU - Jane Anne Horne AU - Feng Li AU - Ruchi Parekh AU - Patricia K. Rivlin AU - Vivek Jayaraman AU - Kei Ito AU - Stephan Saalfeld AU - Reed George AU - Ian Meinertzhagen AU - Gerald M. Rubin AU - Harald F. Hess AU - Louis K. Scheffer AU - Viren Jain AU - Stephen M. Plaza TI - A Connectome of the Adult <em>Drosophila</em> Central Brain AID - 10.1101/2020.01.21.911859 DP - 2020 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 2020.01.21.911859 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/01/21/2020.01.21.911859.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/01/21/2020.01.21.911859.full AB - The neural circuits responsible for behavior remain largely unknown. Previous efforts have reconstructed the complete circuits of small animals, with hundreds of neurons, and selected circuits for larger animals. Here we (the FlyEM project at Janelia and collaborators at Google) summarize new methods and present the complete circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of a much more complex animal, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses, and proofread such large data sets; new methods that define cell types based on connectivity in addition to morphology; and new methods to simplify access to a large and evolving data set. From the resulting data we derive a better definition of computational compartments and their connections; an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel; detailed circuits for most of the central brain; and exploration of the statistics and structure of different brain compartments, and the brain as a whole. We make the data public, with a web site and resources specifically designed to make it easy to explore, for all levels of expertise from the expert to the merely curious. The public availability of these data, and the simplified means to access it, dramatically reduces the effort needed to answer typical circuit questions, such as the identity of upstream and downstream neural partners, the circuitry of brain regions, and to link the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents that can be used to study their functions.Note: In the next few weeks, we will release a series of papers with more involved discussions. One paper will detail the hemibrain reconstruction with more extensive analysis and interpretation made possible by this dense connectome. Another paper will explore the central complex, a brain region involved in navigation, motor control, and sleep. A final paper will present insights from the mushroom body, a center of multimodal associative learning in the fly brain.