RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Rapid event-related, BOLD, NHP: choose two out of three
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2020.01.27.919555
DO 10.1101/2020.01.27.919555
A1 Vassilis Pelekanos
A1 Robert M. Mok
A1 Olivier Joly
A1 Matthew Ainsworth
A1 Diana Kyriazis
A1 Maria G. Kelly
A1 Andrew H. Bell
A1 Nikolaus Kriegeskorte
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/01/28/2020.01.27.919555.abstract
AB Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) typically employs the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast mechanism. In non-human primates (NHP), contrast enhancement is possible using monocrystalline iron-oxide nanoparticles (MION) contrast agent, which has a more temporally extended response function. However, using BOLD fMRI in NHP is desirable for interspecies comparison, and the faster response of the BOLD signal promises to be beneficial to rapid event-related (rER) designs. Here, we used rER BOLD fMRI in macaque monkeys while viewing real-world images, and found visual responses and category-selectivity consistent with previous studies. However, activity estimates were very noisy, suggesting that the lower contrast-to-noise ratio of BOLD, suboptimal behavioural performance, and motion artefacts, in combination, render rER BOLD fMRI challenging in NHP. Previous studies have shown that rER monkey fMRI is possible with MION, despite its prolonged response function. To understand this, we conducted simulations of the BOLD and MION response during rER designs, and found that no matter how fast the design, the greater amplitude of the MION response outweighs the contrast loss caused by greater temporal smoothing. We conclude that although any two of the three elements (rER, BOLD, NHP) have been shown to work well, the combination of all three is particularly challenging.