RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Temporal learning among prefrontal and striatal ensembles JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2020.02.28.970053 DO 10.1101/2020.02.28.970053 A1 Emmons, Eric A1 Tunes-Chiuffa, Gabriela A1 Choi, Jeeyu A1 Bruce, R. Austin A1 Weber, Matthew A. A1 Kim, Youngcho A1 Narayanan, Nandakumar S. YR 2020 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/06/2020.02.28.970053.abstract AB Behavioral flexibility requires the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Here, we investigate neuronal ensembles in the medial frontal cortex (MFC) and the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) during one form of behavioral flexibility: learning a new temporal interval. We studied corticostriatal neuronal activity as rodents trained to respond after a 12-second fixed interval (FI12) learned to respond at a shorter 3-second fixed interval (FI3). On FI12 trials, we discovered time-related ramping was reduced in the MFC but not in the DMS in two-interval vs. one-interval sessions. We also found that more DMS neurons than MFC neurons exhibited differential interval-related activity on the first day of two-interval performance. Finally, MFC and DMS ramping was similar with successive days of two-interval performance but DMS temporal decoding increased on FI3 trials. These data suggest that the MFC and DMS play distinct roles during temporal learning and provide insight into corticostriatal circuits.