RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The fungal root endophyte Serendipita indica modifies extracellular nucleotides to subvert plant immunity JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 396028 DO 10.1101/396028 A1 Shadab Nizam A1 Xiaoyu Qiang A1 Stephan Wawra A1 Robin Nostadt A1 Felix Getzke A1 Florian Schwanke A1 Ingo Dreyer A1 Gregor Langen A1 Alga Zuccaro YR 2018 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/08/20/396028.abstract AB One sentence abstract Immune modulation by metabolites in plant fungus interactionAbstract Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (eATP) is an essential signaling molecule that mediates different cellular processes through its interaction with membrane-associated receptor proteins in animals and plants. eATP regulates plant growth, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Its accumulation in the apoplast induces ROS production and cytoplasmic calcium increase mediating a defense response to invading microbes. We demonstrate that perception of eATP is important in plant-fungus interaction and that during colonization by the beneficial root endophyte Serendipita indica accumulation of eATP in the apoplast occurs at early symbiotic stages. We show by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, cytological and functional analysis that S. indica subvert eATP host response by secreting SiE5’NT, an enzymatically active ecto-5′nucleotidase capable of hydrolyzing eATP to adenosine. A. thaliana lines producing extracellular SiE5’NT are signi?cantly better colonized and have reduced eATP levels and defense signaling, indicating that SiE5’NT functions as a compatibility factor. Our data show that extracellular bioactive nucleotides play an important role in fungus-root interactions and that fungi can modify plant derived metabolites in the apoplast to modulate host immunity.