RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Experimental erosion of microbial diversity decreases soil CH4 consumption rates JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2020.03.24.003657 DO 10.1101/2020.03.24.003657 A1 Elvira Schnyder A1 Paul L.E. Bodelier A1 Martin Hartmann A1 Ruth Henneberger A1 Pascal A. Niklaus YR 2020 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/26/2020.03.24.003657.abstract AB Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have predominantly focused on communities of higher organisms, in particular plants, with comparably little known to date about the relevance of biodiversity for microbially-driven biogeochemical processes. Methanotrophic bacteria play a key role in Earth’s methane (CH4) cycle by removing atmospheric CH4 and reducing emissions from methanogenesis in wetlands and landfills. Here, we used a dilution-to-extinction approach to simulate diversity loss in a methanotrophic landfill cover soil community. Combining analyses of CH4 flux and community structure, we found a linear decrease of CH4 oxidation rates with the number of taxonomic units lost. This effect was independent of community size, consistent over the three-month study, and occurred in relatively diverse communities, challenging the notion of high functional redundancy mediating high resistance to diversity erosion in natural microbial systems. The effects we report resemble the ones for higher organisms, suggesting that BEF-relationships are universal across taxa and spatial scales.