TY - JOUR T1 - A conserved abundant cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA modulates repression by Pumilio proteins in human cells JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/033423 SP - 033423 AU - Ailone Tichon AU - Noa Gil AU - Yoav Lubelsky AU - Tal Havkin Solomon AU - Doron Lemze AU - Shalev Itzkovitz AU - Noam Stern-Ginossar AU - Igor Ulitsky Y1 - 2016/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/03/21/033423.abstract N2 - Thousands of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes are encoded in the human genome, and hundreds of them are evolutionary conserved, but their functions and modes of action remain largely obscure. Particularly enigmatic lncRNAs are those that are exported to the cytoplasm, including NORAD – an abundant and highly conserved cytoplasmic lncRNA. Most of the sequence of NORAD is comprised of repetitive units that together contain at least 17 functional binding sites for the two Pumilio homologs in mammals. Through binding to PUM1 and PUM2, NORAD modulates the mRNA levels of their targets, which are enriched for genes involved in chromosome segregation during cell division. Our results suggest that some cytoplasmic lncRNAs function by modulating the activities of RNA binding proteins, an activity which positions them at key junctions of cellular signaling pathways. ER -