PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Andrew D. Sauerbeck
AU  - Mihika Gangolli
AU  - Sydney J. Reitz
AU  - Maverick H. Salyards
AU  - Samuel H. Kim
AU  - Christopher Hemingway
AU  - Tejaswi Makkapati
AU  - Martin Kerschensteiner
AU  - David L. Brody
AU  - Terrance T. Kummer
TI  - SEQUIN multiscale imaging of mammalian central synapses reveals loss of synaptic microconnectivity resulting from diffuse traumatic brain injury
AID  - 10.1101/704916
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 704916
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/11/704916.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/11/704916.full
AB  - The complex microconnectivity of the mammalian brain underlies its computational abilities, and its vulnerability to injury and disease. It has been challenging to illuminate the features of this synaptic network due in part to the small size and exceptionally dense packing of its elements. Here we describe a rapid and accessible super-resolution imaging and image analysis workflow—SEQUIN—that identifies, quantifies, and characterizes central synapses in animal models and in humans, enabling automated volumetric imaging of mesoscale synaptic networks without the laborious production of large histological arrays. Using SEQUIN, we identify delayed cortical synapse loss resulting from diffuse traumatic brain injury. Similar synapse loss is observed in an Alzheimer disease model, where SEQUIN mesoscale mapping of excitatory synapses across the hippocampus identifies region-specific synaptic vulnerability to neurodegeneration. These results establish a novel, easily implemented and robust nano-to-mesoscale synapse quantification and molecular characterization method. They furthermore identify a mechanistic link—synaptopathy—between Alzheimer neurodegeneration and its best-established epigenetic risk factor, brain trauma.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.