RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Bright and photostable chemigenetic indicators for extended in vivo voltage imaging JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 436840 DO 10.1101/436840 A1 Ahmed S. Abdelfattah A1 Takashi Kawashima A1 Amrita Singh A1 Ondrej Novak A1 Hui Liu A1 Yichun Shuai A1 Yi-Chieh Huang A1 Jonathan B. Grimm A1 Ronak Patel A1 Johannes Friedrich A1 Brett D. Mensh A1 Liam Paninski A1 John J. Macklin A1 Kaspar Podgorski A1 Bei-Jung Lin A1 Tsai-Wen Chen A1 Glenn C. Turner A1 Zhe Liu A1 Minoru Koyama A1 Karel Svoboda A1 Misha B. Ahrens A1 Luke D. Lavis A1 Eric R. Schreiter YR 2018 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/10/06/436840.abstract AB Imaging changes in membrane potential using genetically encoded fluorescent voltage indicators (GEVIs) has great potential for monitoring neuronal activity with high spatial and temporal resolution. Brightness and photostability of fluorescent proteins and rhodopsins have limited the utility of existing GEVIs. We engineered a novel GEVI, ‘Voltron’, that utilizes bright and photostable synthetic dyes instead of protein-based fluorophores, extending the combined duration of imaging and number of neurons imaged simultaneously by more than tenfold relative to existing GEVIs. We used Voltron for in vivo voltage imaging in mice, zebrafish, and fruit flies. In mouse cortex, Voltron allowed single-trial recording of spikes and subthreshold voltage signals from dozens of neurons simultaneously, over 15 minutes of continuous imaging. In larval zebrafish, Voltron enabled the precise correlation of spike timing with behavior.