PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Surabhi N. Simha
AU  - Jeremy D. Wong
AU  - Jessica C. Selinger
AU  - Sabrina J. Abram
AU  - J. Maxwell Donelan
TI  - Increasing the gradient of energetic cost does not initiate adaptation in human walking
AID  - 10.1101/2020.05.20.107250
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.05.20.107250
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/05/23/2020.05.20.107250.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/05/23/2020.05.20.107250.full
AB  - When in a new situation, the nervous system may benefit from adapting its control policy. In determining whether or not to initiate this adaptation, the nervous system may rely on some features of the new situation. Here we tested whether one such feature is salient cost savings. We changed cost saliency by manipulating the gradient of participants’ energetic cost landscape during walking. We hypothesized that steeper gradients would cause participants to spontaneously adapt their step frequency to lower costs. To manipulate the gradient, a mechatronic system applied controlled fore-aft forces to the waist of participants as a function of their step frequency as they walked on a treadmill. These forces increased the energetic cost of walking at high step frequencies and reduced it at low step frequencies. We successfully created three cost landscapes of increasing gradients, where the natural variability in participants’ step frequency provided cost changes of 3.6% (shallow), 7.2% (intermediate) and 10.2% (steep). Participants did not spontaneously initiate adaptation in response to any of the gradients. Using metronome-guided walking— a previously established protocol for eliciting initiation of adaptation—participants next experienced a step frequency with a lower cost. Participants then adapted by −1.41±0.81 (p=0.007) normalized units away from their originally preferred step frequency obtaining cost savings of 4.80±3.12%. That participants would adapt under some conditions, but not in response to steeper cost gradients, suggests that the nervous system does not solely rely on the gradient of energetic cost to initiate adaptation in novel situations.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.