RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Genomic analysis of early SARS-CoV-2 strains introduced in Mexico
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2020.05.27.120402
DO 10.1101/2020.05.27.120402
A1 Blanca Taboada
A1 Joel Armando Vazquez-Perez
A1 José Esteban Muñoz Medina
A1 Pilar Ramos Cervantes
A1 Marina Escalera-Zamudio
A1 Celia Boukadida
A1 Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
A1 Pavel Isa
A1 Edgar Mendieta Condado
A1 José Arturo Martínez-Orozco
A1 Eduardo Becerril-Vargas
A1 Jorge Salas-Hernández
A1 Ricardo Grande
A1 Carolina González-Torres
A1 Francisco Javier Gaytán-Cervantes
A1 Gloria Vazquez
A1 Francisco Pulido
A1 Adnan Araiza Rodríguez
A1 Fabiola Garcés Ayala
A1 Cesar Raúl González Bonilla
A1 Concepción Grajales Muñiz
A1 Víctor Hugo Borja Aburto
A1 Gisela Barrera Badillo
A1 Susana López
A1 Lucía Hernández Rivas
A1 Rogelio Perez-Padilla
A1 Irma López Martínez
A1 Santiago Ávila-Ríos
A1 Guillermo Ruiz-Palacios
A1 José Ernesto Ramírez-González
A1 Carlos F. Arias
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/05/30/2020.05.27.120402.abstract
AB The COVID-19 pandemic has affected most countries in the world. Studying the evolution and transmission patterns in different countries is crucial to implement effective strategies for disease control and prevention. In this work, we present the full genome sequence for 17 SARS-CoV-2 isolates corresponding to the earliest sampled cases in Mexico. Global and local phylogenomics, coupled with mutational analysis, consistently revealed that these viral sequences are distributed within 2 known lineages, the SARS-CoV-2 lineage A/G, containing mostly sequences from North America, and the lineage B/S containing mainly sequences from Europe. Based on the exposure history of the cases and on the phylogenomic analysis, we characterized fourteen independent introduction events. Additionally, three cases with no travel history were identified. We found evidence that two of these cases represent local transmission cases occurring in Mexico during mid-March 2020, denoting the earliest events described in the country. Within this Mexican cluster, we also identified an H49Y amino acid change in the spike protein. This mutation is a homoplasy occurring independently through time and space, and may function as a molecular marker to follow on any further spread of these viral variants throughout the country. Our results depict the general picture of the SARS-CoV-2 variants introduced at the beginning of the outbreak in Mexico, setting the foundation for future surveillance efforts.This work is the result of the collaboration of five institutions into one research consortium: three public health institutes and two universities. From the beginning of this work, it was agreed that the experimental leader of each institution would share the first authorship. Those were the criteria followed to assign first co-first authorship in this manuscript. The order of the other authors was randomly assigned.IMPORTANCE Understanding the introduction, spread and establishment of SARS-CoV-2 within distinct human populations is crucial to implement effective control strategies as well as the evolution of the pandemics. In this work, we describe that the initial virus strains introduced in Mexico came from Europe and the United States and the virus was circulating locally in the country as early as mid-March. We also found evidence for early local transmission of strains having the mutation H49Y in the Spike protein, that could be further used as a molecular marker to follow viral spread within the country and the region.