TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic evidence for adaptive evolution of the invasive Asian tiger mosquito towards temperate environment JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/049197 SP - 049197 AU - Clément Goubert AU - Hélène Henri AU - Guillaume Minard AU - Claire Valiente Moro AU - Patrick Mavingui AU - Cristina Vieira AU - Matthieu Boulesteix Y1 - 2016/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/04/18/049197.abstract N2 - Invasive species represent unique opportunities to evaluate the role of local adaptation during colonization of new environments. Among these, the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a threatening vector of several human viral diseases, including dengue, chikungunya and the emerging Zika fevers. Its broad presence in both temperate and tropical environments has sometimes been considered as the reflect of a great “ecological plasticity”. However, no study has been conducted to assess the role of adaptive evolution in the ecological success of Ae. albopictus at the molecular level. In the present study we performed a genomic scan to search for potential signatures of selection leading to local adaptation in a hundred of field collected mosquitoes from native populations of Vietnam and temperate invasive populations of Europe. High throughput genotyping of transposable element insertions generated more than 120 000 polymorphic loci, which in their great majority revealed a virtual absence of structure between bio-geographic areas. Nevertheless, 92 outlier loci show a high level of differentiation between temperate and tropical populations. The majority of these loci segregates at high insertion frequencies among European populations, indicating that this pattern could have been caused by recent events of adaptive evolution in temperate areas. Six outliers were located near putative diapause effector genes, suggesting fine tunning of this critical pathway during local adaptation. ER -