RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Optical Sectioning of Live Mammal with Near-Infrared Light Sheet JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 447433 DO 10.1101/447433 A1 Feifei Wang A1 Hao Wan A1 Jingying Yue A1 Mingxi Zhang A1 Zhuoran Ma A1 Qinchao Sun A1 Liangqiong Qu A1 Huilong Ma A1 Yeteng Zhong A1 Ye Tian A1 Guosong Hong A1 Wen Jung Li A1 Yongye Liang A1 Lianqing Liu A1 Hongjie Dai YR 2018 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/10/18/447433.abstract AB Deep-tissue three-dimensional optical imaging of live mammals in vivo with high spatiotemporal resolution in non-invasive manners has been challenging due to light scattering. Here, we developed near-infrared (NIR) light sheet microscopy (LSM) with optical excitation and emission wavelengths up to ~ 1320 nm and ~ 1700 nm respectively, far into the NIR-II (1000-1700 nm) region for 3D optical sectioning through live tissues. Suppressed scattering of both excitation and emission photons allowed one-photon optical sectioning at ~ 2 mm depth in highly scattering brain tissues. NIR-II LSM enabled non-invasive in vivo imaging of live mice, revealing never-before-seen dynamic processes such as highly abnormal tumor microcirculation, and 3D molecular imaging of an important immune checkpoint protein, programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) receptors at the single cell scale in tumors. In vivo two-color near-infrared light sheet sectioning enabled simultaneous volumetric imaging of tumor vasculatures and PD-L1 proteins in live mammals.