PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Jansen, Rick
AU  - Verhoeven, Josine
AU  - Han, Laura KM
AU  - Aberg, Karolina A
AU  - van den Oord, Edwin CGJ
AU  - Milaneschi, Yuri
AU  - Penninx, Brenda WJH
TI  - An integrative study of five biological clocks in somatic and mental health
AID  - 10.1101/2020.06.11.146498
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.06.11.146498
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/06/12/2020.06.11.146498.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/06/12/2020.06.11.146498.full
AB  - Biological clocks have been developed at different molecular levels and were found to be more advanced in the presence of somatic illnesses and mental disorders. However, it is unclear whether different biological clocks reflect similar aging processes and determinants. In ~3000 subjects, we examined whether 5 biological clocks (telomere length, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic clocks) were interrelated and associated to somatic and mental health determinants. Correlations between biological clocks were small (all r<0.2), indicating little overlap. The most consistent associations with the advanced biological clocks were found for male sex, higher BMI, metabolic syndrome, smoking and depression. As compared to the individual clocks, a composite index of all five clocks showed most pronounced associations with health determinants. The large effect sizes of the composite index and the low correlation between biological clocks, indicate that one’s biological age is best reflected by combining aging measures from multiple cellular levels.