PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ishka, Maryam Rahmati
AU  - Vatamaniuk, Olena K.
TI  - Copper deficiency alters shoot architecture and reduces fertility of both gynoecium and androecium in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>
AID  - 10.1101/2020.06.11.146209
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.06.11.146209
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/06/12/2020.06.11.146209.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/06/12/2020.06.11.146209.full
AB  - Copper deficiency reduces plant growth, male fertility and seed set. The contribution of copper to female fertility and the underlying molecular aspects of copper deficiency-caused phenotypes are not well-known. We show that among copper deficiency-caused defects in Arabidopsis thaliana were the increased shoot branching, delayed flowering and senescence, and entirely abolished gynoecium fertility. The increased shoot branching of copper-deficient plants was rescued by the exogenous application of auxin or copper. The delayed flowering was associated with the decreased expression of the floral activator, FT. Copper deficiency also decreased the expression of senescence-associated genes, WRKY53 and SAG13, but increased the expression of SAG12. The reduced fertility of copper-deficient plants stemmed from multiple factors including the abnormal stigma papillae development, the abolished gynoecium fertility, and the failure of anthers to dehisce. The latter defect was associated with reduced lignification, the upregulation of copper microRNAs and the downregulation of their targets, laccases, implicated in lignin synthesis. Copper-deficient plants accumulated ROS in pollen and had reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity in leaves. This study opens new avenues for the investigation into the relationship between copper homeostasis, hormone-mediated shoot architecture, gynoecium fertility and copper deficiency-derived nutritional signals leading to the delay in flowering and senescence.Highlight Copper deficiency alters shoot architecture, delays flowering and senescence, and compromises fertility by altering stigma morphology, disrupting anther lignification and dehiscence, and pollen redox status in Arabidopsis thaliana.BAM1Barely any meristem 1BAM2Barely any meristem 2CIK1 to 4Clavata3 insensitive receptor kinase1 to 4CITF1Copper deficiency induced transcription factor 1CuCopperCu-miRNACopper microRNACu/Zn-SODCopper/zinc-superoxide dismutaseCOXCytochrome c oxidaseFTFlowering locus TJAJasmonic acidLACLaccasemiRNAMicroRNAROSReactive oxygen speciesRT-qPCRReal time quantitative polymerase chain reactionSAG12Senescence-associated gene 12SAG13Senescence-associated gene 13SPL7Squamosa promoter binding protein–like7WTWild typeZTZeitgeber time