RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Coronavirus testing indicates transmission risk increases along wildlife supply chains for human consumption in Viet Nam, 2013-2014
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2020.06.05.098590
DO 10.1101/2020.06.05.098590
A1 Nguyen Quynh Huong
A1 Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga
A1 Nguyen Van Long
A1 Bach Duc Luu
A1 Alice Latinne
A1 Mathieu Pruvot
A1 Nguyen Thanh Phuong
A1 Le Tin Vinh Quang
A1 Vo Van Hung
A1 Nguyen Thi Lan
A1 Nguyen Thi Hoa
A1 Phan Quang Minh
A1 Nguyen Thi Diep
A1 Nguyen Tung
A1 Van Dang Ky
A1 Scott I. Roberton
A1 Hoang Bich Thuy
A1 Nguyen Van Long
A1 Martin Gilbert
A1 Leanne Wicker
A1 Jonna A. K. Mazet
A1 Christine Kreuder Johnson
A1 Tracey Goldstein
A1 Alex Tremeau-Bravard
A1 Victoria Ontiveros
A1 Damien O. Joly
A1 Chris Walzer
A1 Amanda E. Fine
A1 Sarah H. Olson
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/06/17/2020.06.05.098590.abstract
AB Outbreaks of emerging coronaviruses in the past two decades and the current pandemic of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in China highlight the importance of this viral family as a zoonotic public health threat. To gain a better understanding of coronavirus presence and diversity in wildlife at wildlife-human interfaces in three southern provinces in Viet Nam 2013-2014, we used consensus Polymerase Chain Reactions to detect coronavirus sequences. In comparison to previous studies, we observed high proportions of positive samples among field rats (34.0%, 239/702) destined for human consumption and insectivorous bats in guano farms (74.8%, 234/313) adjacent to human dwellings. Most notably among field rats, the odds of coronavirus RNA detection significantly increased along the supply chain from field rats sold by traders (reference group; 20.7% positivity, 39/188) by a factor of 2.2 for field rats sold in large markets (32.0%, 116/363) and 10.0 for field rats sold and served in restaurants (55.6%, 84/151). Coronaviruses were detected in the majority of wildlife farms (60.7%, 17/28) and in the Malayan porcupines (6.0%, 20/331) and bamboo rats (6.3%, 6/96) that are farmed. We identified six known coronaviruses in bats and rodents, clustered in three Coronaviridae genera, including the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammacoronaviruses. Our analysis also suggested either mixing of animal excreta in the environment or interspecies transmission of coronaviruses, as both bat and avian coronaviruses were detected in rodent feces in the trade. The mixing of multiple coronaviruses, and their apparent amplification along the wildlife supply chain into restaurants, suggests maximal risk for end consumers and likely underpins the mechanisms of zoonotic spillover to people.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.