TY - JOUR T1 - Entelon<sup>®</sup> (<em>vitis vinifera</em> seed extract) reduces inflammation and calcification in a beagle dog model of intravascular bovine pericardium implantation JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/2020.06.17.156695 SP - 2020.06.17.156695 AU - Gab-Chol Choi AU - Sokho Kim AU - Mahbubur Rahman AU - Ji Hyun Oh AU - Yun Seok Cho AU - Hong Ju Shin Y1 - 2020/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/06/17/2020.06.17.156695.abstract N2 - Objective Inflammation and calcification are major factors responsible for failure of bioprosthetic valve and other substitute heart valve implantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-calcification effects of Entelon150® (consisting of grape-seed extract) in a beagle dog model of intravascular bovine pericardium implantation.Methods In total, 8 healthy male beagle dogs were implanted with a bovine pericardium bilaterally in the external jugular veins and divided into two groups. Animals in the Entelon150® group (n = 4) were treated with 150 mg of Entelon150® twice daily for six weeks after surgery. The negative control (NC) group (n = 4) was treated with 5 ml of saline using the same method. After six weeks, we measured the calcium content, performed histological examination, and performed molecular analysis.Results The calcium content of implanted tissue in the Entelon150® group (0.56±0.14 mg/g) was significantly lower than that in the NC group (1.48±0.57 mg/g) (p &lt; 0.05). Histopathological examination showed that infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells, such as fibroblasts and macrophages, occurred around the graft in all groups; however, the inflammation level of the implanted tissue in the Entelon150® group was significantly lower than that in the NC group. Both immunohistochemical and western blot analyses revealed that bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression was significantly attenuated in the Entelon150® group.Conclusions Our results indicate that Entelon150® significantly attenuates post-implantation inflammation and degenerative calcification of the bovine pericardium in dogs. Therefore, Entelon150® may increase the longevity of the bovine pericardium after intravascular implantation. ER -