RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Genomic stability and adaptation of beer brewing yeasts during serial repitching in the brewery
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2020.06.26.166157
DO 10.1101/2020.06.26.166157
A1 Christopher R. L. Large
A1 Noah Hanson
A1 Andreas Tsouris
A1 Omar Abou Saada
A1 Jirasin Koonthongkaew
A1 Yoichi Toyokawa
A1 Tom Schmidlin
A1 Daniela A. Moreno-Habel
A1 Hal McConnellogue
A1 Richard Preiss
A1 Hiroshi Takagi
A1 Joseph Schacherer
A1 Maitreya J. Dunham
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/06/29/2020.06.26.166157.abstract
AB Ale brewing yeast are the result of admixture between diverse strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, resulting in a heterozygous tetraploid that has since undergone numerous genomic rearrangements. As a result, comparisons between the genomes of modern related ale brewing strains show both extensive aneuploidy and mitotic recombination that has resulted in a loss of intragenomic diversity. Similar patterns of intraspecific admixture and subsequent selection for one haplotype have been seen in many domesticated crops, potentially reflecting a general pattern of domestication syndrome between these systems. We set out to explore the evolution of the ale brewing yeast, to understand both polyploid evolution and the process of domestication in the ecologically relevant environment of the brewery. Utilizing a common brewery practice known as ‘repitching’, in which yeasts are reused over multiple beer fermentations, we generated population time courses from multiple breweries utilizing similar strains of ale yeast. Applying whole-genome sequencing to the time courses, we have found that the same structural variations in the form of aneuploidy and mitotic recombination of particular chromosomes reproducibly rise to detectable frequency during adaptation to brewing conditions across multiple related strains in different breweries. Our results demonstrate that domestication of ale strains is an ongoing process and will likely continue to occur as modern brewing practices develop.Competing Interest StatementWe declare a financial interest in the success of the breweries associated with the authors of this manuscript. No direct funding from these breweries went into the research herein presented beyond the production of the beers sampled. Otherwise, we declare no competing interests.