RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Evidence for reduced immune gene diversity and activity during the evolution of termites
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2020.07.09.192013
DO 10.1101/2020.07.09.192013
A1 Shulin He
A1 Thorben Sieksmeyer
A1 Yanli Che
A1 M. Alejandra Esparza Mora
A1 Petr Stiblik
A1 Ronald Banasiak
A1 Mark C. Harrison
A1 Jan Šobotník
A1 Zongqing Wang
A1 Paul R. Johnston
A1 Dino P. McMahon
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/07/10/2020.07.09.192013.abstract
AB The evolution of biological complexity is associated with the emergence of bespoke immune systems that maintain and protect organism integrity. Unlike the well studied immunity at the cell and individual level, little is known about the origins of immunity during the transition to eusociality, a major evolutionary transition comparable to the evolution of multicellular organisms from single-celled ancestors. We tackle this by characterizing the immune gene repertoire of 18 cockroach and termite species, spanning the spectrum of solitary, subsocial and eusocial lifestyles. We identified five significant immune gene family contractions and one immune gene family expansion along the spine of a time-calibrated phylogeny, correlating with key transitions in termite sociality. In cross-species comparisons of immune gene expression, we find that termites appear to have evolved a caste-specific social defense system at the expense of individual immune protection. Our study indicates that a major transition in organismal complexity entailed a fundamental reshaping of the immune system optimized for group over individual defense.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.