PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - JS Thakur
AU  - Gursimer Jeet
AU  - Ria Nangia
AU  - Divya Singh
AU  - Sandeep Grover
AU  - Tanica Lyngdoh
AU  - Arnab Pal
AU  - Ramesh Verma
AU  - Ramnika Aggarwal
AU  - Mohd. Haroon Khan
AU  - Rajiv Saran
AU  - Sanjay Jain
AU  - KL Gupta
AU  - Vivek Kumar
TI  - Non-Communicable Diseases and their determinants: A Cross-sectional State-Wide STEPS Survey, Haryana, North India
AID  - 10.1101/482117
DP  - 2018 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 482117
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/11/28/482117.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/11/28/482117.full
AB  - Background Recent studies have documented high variation in epidemiologic transition levels among Indian states with noncommunicable disease epidemic rising swiftly. However, the estimates suffer from non-availability of reliable data for NCDs from sub populations. In order to fill the knowledge gap, the distribution and determinants of NCD risk factors were studied along with awareness, treatment and control of NCDs among the adult population in Haryana, India.Methods NCD risk factors survey was conducted among 5078 residents, aged 18-69 years during 2016-17. Behavioural risk factors were assessed using STEPS instrument, administered through an android software (mSTEPS). This was followed by physical measurements using standard protocols. Finally, biological risk factors were determined through the analysis of serum and urine samples.Results Males were found to be consuming tobacco and alcohol at higher rates of 38.9% (95% CI: 35.3-42.4) and 18.8% (95% CI: 15.8-21.8). One-tenth (11%) (95% CI: 8.6-13.4) of the respondents did not meet the specified WHO recommendations for physical activity for health. Around 35.2% (95%CI: 32.6-37.7) were overweight or obese. Hypertension and diabetes were prevalent at 26.2% (95% CI: 24.6-27.8) and 15.5% (95% CI: 11.0-20.0). 91.3% (95% CI: 89.3-93.3) of the population had higher salt intake than recommended 5gms per day.Conclusion The documentation of strikingly high and uniform distribution of different NCDs and their risk factors in state warrants urgent need for evidence based interventions and advocacy of policy measures.