TY - JOUR T1 - Ecogenomics and biogeochemical impacts of uncultivated globally abundant ocean viruses JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/053090 SP - 053090 AU - Simon Roux AU - Jennifer R. Brum AU - Bas E. Dutilh AU - Shinichi Sunagawa AU - Melissa B. Duhaime AU - Alexander Loy AU - Bonnie T. Poulos AU - Natalie Solonenko AU - Elena Lara AU - Julie Poulain AU - Stéphane Pesant AU - Stefanie Kandels-Lewis AU - Céline Dimier AU - Marc Picheral AU - Sarah Searson AU - Corinne Cruaud AU - Adriana Alberti AU - Carlos M. Duarte AU - Josep M. Gasol AU - Dolors Vaqué AU - Tara Oceans Coordinators AU - Peer Bork AU - Silvia G. Acinas AU - Patrick Wincker AU - Matthew B. Sullivan AU - Silvia G. Acinas AU - Peer Bork AU - Emmanuel Boss AU - Chris Bowler AU - Colomban de Vargas AU - Michael Follows AU - Gabriel Gorsky AU - Nigel Grimsley AU - Pascal Hingamp AU - Daniele Iudicone AU - Olivier Jaillon AU - Stefanie Kandels-Lewis AU - Lee Karp-Boss AU - Eric Karsenti AU - Uros Krzic AU - Fabrice Not AU - Hiroyuki Ogata AU - Stephane Pesant AU - Jeroen Raes AU - Emmanuel G. Reynaud AU - Christian Sardet AU - Mike Sieracki AU - Sabrina Speich AU - Lars Stemmann AU - Matthew B. Sullivan AU - Shinichi Sunagawa AU - Didier Velayoudon AU - Patrick Wincker Y1 - 2016/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/05/12/053090.abstract N2 - Ocean microbes drive global-scale biogeochemical cycling1, but do so under constraints imposed by viruses on host community composition, metabolism, and evolutionary trajectories2–5. Due to sampling and cultivation challenges, genome-level viral diversity remains poorly described and grossly understudied in nature such that <1% of observed surface ocean viruses, even those that are abundant and ubiquitous, are ‘known’5. Here we analyze a global map of abundant, double stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses and viral-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) with genomic and ecological contexts through the Global Ocean Viromes (GOV) dataset, which includes complete genomes and large genomic fragments from both surface and deep ocean viruses sampled during the Tara Oceans and Malaspina research expeditions6,7. A total of 15,222 epi- and mesopelagic viral populations were identified that comprised 867 viral clusters (VCs, approximately genus-level groups8,9). This roughly triples known ocean viral populations10, doubles known candidate bacterial and archaeal virus genera9, and near-completely samples epipelagic communities at both the population and VC level. Thirty-eight of the 867 VCs were identified as the most impactful dsDNA viral groups in the oceans, as these were locally or globally abundant and accounted together for nearly half of the viral populations in any GOV sample. Most of these were predicted in silico to infect dominant, ecologically relevant microbes, while two thirds of them represent newly described viruses that lacked any cultivated representative. Beyond these taxon-specific ecological observations, we identified 243 viral-encoded AMGs in GOV, only 95 of which were known. Deeper analyses of 4 of these AMGs revealed that abundant viruses directly manipulate sulfur and nitrogen cycling, and do so throughout the epipelagic ocean. Together these data provide a critically-needed organismal catalog and functional context to begin meaningfully integrating viruses into ecosystem models as key players in nutrient cycling and trophic networks. ER -