@article {Kasper602912, author = {Dionna M. Kasper and Jared Hintzen and Yinyu Wu and Joey J. Ghersi and Hanna K. Mandl and Kevin E. Salinas and William Armero and Zhiheng He and Ying Sheng and Yixuan Xie and Daniel W. Heindel and Eon Joo Park and William C. Sessa and Lara K. Mahal and Carlito Lebrilla and Karen K. Hirschi and Stefania Nicoli}, title = {The N-Glycome regulates the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition}, elocation-id = {602912}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.1101/602912}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, abstract = {Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that establish and maintain the blood system in adult vertebrates arise from the transdifferentiation of hemogenic endothelial cells (hemECs) during embryogenesis. This endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) is tightly regulated, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that microRNA (miR)-223-mediated regulation of N-glycan biosynthesis in endothelial cells (ECs) regulates EHT. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that miR-223 is enriched in hemECs and in oligopotent nascent HSPCs. miR-223 restricts the EHT of lymphoid/myeloid lineages by suppressing the expression of mannosyltransferase alg2 and sialyltransferase st3gal2, two enzymes involved in N-linked protein glycosylation. High-throughput glycomics of ECs lacking miR-223 showed a decrease of high mannose versus sialylated complex/hybrid sugars on N-glycoproteins involved in EHT such as the metalloprotease Adam10. Endothelial-specific expression of an N-glycan Adam10 mutant or of the N-glycoenzymes phenocopied the aberrant HSPC production of miR-223 mutants. Thus, the N-glycome plays a previously unappreciated role as an intrinsic regulator of EHT, with specific mannose and sialic acid modifications serving as key endothelial determinants of their hematopoietic fate.One Sentence Summary The N-glycan {\textquotedblleft}sugar code{\textquotedblright} governs the hematopoietic fate of endothelial cells and regulates blood stem cell production in vivo.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.}, URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/08/06/602912}, eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/08/06/602912.full.pdf}, journal = {bioRxiv} }