TY - JOUR T1 - On-site ribosome remodeling by locally synthesized ribosomal proteins in axons JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/500033 SP - 500033 AU - Toshiaki Shigeoka AU - Max Koppers AU - Hovy Ho-Wai Wong AU - Julie Qiaojin Lin AU - Asha Dwivedy AU - Janaina de Freitas Nascimento AU - Roberta Cagnetta AU - Francesca van Tartwijk AU - Florian Ströhl AU - Jean-Michel Cioni AU - Mark Carrington AU - Clemens F. Kaminski AU - William A. Harris AU - Hosung Jung AU - Christine E. Holt Y1 - 2018/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/12/19/500033.abstract N2 - Ribosomes are known to be assembled in the nucleolus, yet recent studies have revealed robust enrichment and translation of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins (RPs) in axons, far away from neuronal cell bodies. Using subcellular proteomics and live-imaging, we show that locally synthesized RPs incorporate into axonal ribosomes in a nucleolus-independent fashion. We revealed that axonal RP translation is regulated through a novel sequence motif, CUIC, that forms a RNA-loop structure in the region immediately upstream of the initiation codon. Inhibition of axonal CUIC-regulated RP translation leads to defects in local translation activity and axon branching, demonstrating the physiological relevance of the axonal ribosome remodeling. These results indicate that axonal translation supplies cytoplasmic RPs to maintain/modify local ribosomal function far from the nucleolus. ER -